Transesophageal Echocardiogram

Question 0

The LAD, diagonals, and septal perf orators make up the

Answer 0

LAD

Question 1

What are the components of the left main coronary artery?

Answer 1

Left anterior descending
Circumflex
Ramus intermedius

Question 2

The circumflex is composed of the

Answer 2

Circumflex and obtuse marginals

Question 3

The components of the right main coronary artery are

Answer 3

RCA
Acute/right marginals
Atrioventricular nodal
Posterior descending artery
PL

Question 4

The function of pulmonary circulation is to

Answer 4

Supply nutrients and circulation to lung tissue

Question 5

The superior and inferior ______ usually arise directly from the

Answer 5

Left bronchial arteries

Thoracic aorta

Question 6

There is a single right bronchial artery. It arises from the thoracic aorta at a common trunk with the _____ and the _______ on the left side

Answer 6

Right third posterior intercostal artery

Superior bronchial artery

Question 7

The darkest blood in the body is in the

Answer 7

Coronary sinus

Question 8

Coronary artery perfusion depends on

Answer 8

Left vs right ventricle timing

Question 9

What is the route of coronary circulation?

Answer 9

Sinus of valsalva - coronary arteries - capillaries - coronary veins - coronary sinus

Question 10

Equation for coronary perfusion pressure?

Answer 10

CPP = DBP - LVEDP

Question 11

What is the formula for the concentration of arterial O2?

Answer 11

CaO2= (1.34 x Hgb x SaO2) + (PaO2 x .003)

Question 12

What is the formula for delivery of arterial O2?

Answer 12

DaO2 = CO x CaO2

Question 13

What is the formula for the volume of O2 consumption? What is this value normally?

Answer 13

VO2 = CO (CaO2 - CvO2)

3.5 L/min or 45 ml/kg/min

Question 14

What is the equation for mean arterial pressure?

Answer 14

MAP = (SBP + 2DBP)/3
MAP = CO x SVR

Question 15

The normal range of cardiac output is? What about SVR and PVR?

Answer 15

CO = 4-6.5 L/min
SVR = 900-1500 dynes x sec/cm^5
PVR = 50-150 dynes x sec/cm^5

Question 16

What the fuck are dynes?

Answer 16

The dyne is a unit of force specified in centimeters per seconds

Oh ok

Question 17

What is normal ejection fraction of the left ventricle?

Answer 17

55-70%

Question 18

The Frank Starling mechanism states that _____ increases with the increase of the blood volume filling the heart when all other factors remain constant. The increase in pressure stretches the ventricular wall, causing cardiac muscle to contract more

Answer 18

Stroke volume

Forcefully

Question 19

How does an increase in after load affect stroke volume in hearts with myocardial dysfunction compared to in a normal heart?

Answer 19

Steep decline in stroke volume

Question 20

The percentage of LV reduction in size after systole is

Answer 20

Variable
Dependent on valvular dysfunction
Dependent on anesthesia dysfunction

Other: LV mass, LV fractional shortening, regional wall motion, LV torsion, CO, MAP, and SV

Question 21

What is the gold standard in cardiac testing?

Answer 21

Exercise stress EKG/echo test

Question 22

Using persantine-dipyridamole for cardiac testing results in an ________ mediated vasodilation causing coronary steal

Answer 22

ADENOSINE!!

Question 23

Dobutamine is a sympathomimetic ______ agonist with _____ agonism, _____ agonism racemic. It is used in

Answer 23

Beta1
B2
Alpha1
Cardiac

Question 24

What are used as radioactive agents for markers of perfusion and pre and post stress testing?

Answer 24

Thallium 201

Tc99m sestamibi

Question 25

Taking a loss for actual TEE material. Pictures are confusing

Answer 25

Sorry