Transesophageal Echocardiogram Flashcards

0
Q

The LAD, diagonals, and septal perf orators make up the

A

LAD

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1
Q

What are the components of the left main coronary artery?

A

Left anterior descending
Circumflex
Ramus intermedius

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2
Q

The circumflex is composed of the

A

Circumflex and obtuse marginals

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3
Q

The components of the right main coronary artery are

A
RCA
Acute/right marginals
Atrioventricular nodal
Posterior descending artery
PL
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4
Q

The function of pulmonary circulation is to

A

Supply nutrients and circulation to lung tissue

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5
Q

The superior and inferior ______ usually arise directly from the

A

Left bronchial arteries

Thoracic aorta

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6
Q

There is a single right bronchial artery. It arises from the thoracic aorta at a common trunk with the _____ and the _______ on the left side

A

Right third posterior intercostal artery

Superior bronchial artery

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7
Q

The darkest blood in the body is in the

A

Coronary sinus

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8
Q

Coronary artery perfusion depends on

A

Left vs right ventricle timing

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9
Q

What is the route of coronary circulation?

A

Sinus of valsalva - coronary arteries - capillaries - coronary veins - coronary sinus

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10
Q

Equation for coronary perfusion pressure?

A

CPP = DBP - LVEDP

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11
Q

What is the formula for the concentration of arterial O2?

A

CaO2= (1.34 x Hgb x SaO2) + (PaO2 x .003)

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12
Q

What is the formula for delivery of arterial O2?

A

DaO2 = CO x CaO2

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13
Q

What is the formula for the volume of O2 consumption? What is this value normally?

A

VO2 = CO (CaO2 - CvO2)

3.5 L/min or 45 ml/kg/min

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14
Q

What is the equation for mean arterial pressure?

A
MAP = (SBP + 2DBP)/3
MAP = CO x SVR
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15
Q

The normal range of cardiac output is? What about SVR and PVR?

A
CO = 4-6.5 L/min
SVR = 900-1500 dynes x sec/cm^5
PVR = 50-150 dynes x sec/cm^5
16
Q

What the fuck are dynes?

A

The dyne is a unit of force specified in centimeters per seconds

Oh ok

17
Q

What is normal ejection fraction of the left ventricle?

A

55-70%

18
Q

The Frank Starling mechanism states that _____ increases with the increase of the blood volume filling the heart when all other factors remain constant. The increase in pressure stretches the ventricular wall, causing cardiac muscle to contract more

A

Stroke volume

Forcefully

19
Q

How does an increase in after load affect stroke volume in hearts with myocardial dysfunction compared to in a normal heart?

A

Steep decline in stroke volume

20
Q

The percentage of LV reduction in size after systole is

A

Variable
Dependent on valvular dysfunction
Dependent on anesthesia dysfunction

Other: LV mass, LV fractional shortening, regional wall motion, LV torsion, CO, MAP, and SV

21
Q

What is the gold standard in cardiac testing?

A

Exercise stress EKG/echo test

22
Q

Using persantine-dipyridamole for cardiac testing results in an ________ mediated vasodilation causing coronary steal

A

ADENOSINE!!

23
Q

Dobutamine is a sympathomimetic ______ agonist with _____ agonism, _____ agonism racemic. It is used in

A

Beta1
B2
Alpha1
Cardiac

24
Q

What are used as radioactive agents for markers of perfusion and pre and post stress testing?

A

Thallium 201

Tc99m sestamibi

25
Q

Taking a loss for actual TEE material. Pictures are confusing

A

Sorry