Transesophageal Echocardiogram Flashcards
The LAD, diagonals, and septal perf orators make up the
LAD
What are the components of the left main coronary artery?
Left anterior descending
Circumflex
Ramus intermedius
The circumflex is composed of the
Circumflex and obtuse marginals
The components of the right main coronary artery are
RCA Acute/right marginals Atrioventricular nodal Posterior descending artery PL
The function of pulmonary circulation is to
Supply nutrients and circulation to lung tissue
The superior and inferior ______ usually arise directly from the
Left bronchial arteries
Thoracic aorta
There is a single right bronchial artery. It arises from the thoracic aorta at a common trunk with the _____ and the _______ on the left side
Right third posterior intercostal artery
Superior bronchial artery
The darkest blood in the body is in the
Coronary sinus
Coronary artery perfusion depends on
Left vs right ventricle timing
What is the route of coronary circulation?
Sinus of valsalva - coronary arteries - capillaries - coronary veins - coronary sinus
Equation for coronary perfusion pressure?
CPP = DBP - LVEDP
What is the formula for the concentration of arterial O2?
CaO2= (1.34 x Hgb x SaO2) + (PaO2 x .003)
What is the formula for delivery of arterial O2?
DaO2 = CO x CaO2
What is the formula for the volume of O2 consumption? What is this value normally?
VO2 = CO (CaO2 - CvO2)
3.5 L/min or 45 ml/kg/min
What is the equation for mean arterial pressure?
MAP = (SBP + 2DBP)/3 MAP = CO x SVR
The normal range of cardiac output is? What about SVR and PVR?
CO = 4-6.5 L/min SVR = 900-1500 dynes x sec/cm^5 PVR = 50-150 dynes x sec/cm^5
What the fuck are dynes?
The dyne is a unit of force specified in centimeters per seconds
Oh ok
What is normal ejection fraction of the left ventricle?
55-70%
The Frank Starling mechanism states that _____ increases with the increase of the blood volume filling the heart when all other factors remain constant. The increase in pressure stretches the ventricular wall, causing cardiac muscle to contract more
Stroke volume
Forcefully
How does an increase in after load affect stroke volume in hearts with myocardial dysfunction compared to in a normal heart?
Steep decline in stroke volume
The percentage of LV reduction in size after systole is
Variable
Dependent on valvular dysfunction
Dependent on anesthesia dysfunction
Other: LV mass, LV fractional shortening, regional wall motion, LV torsion, CO, MAP, and SV
What is the gold standard in cardiac testing?
Exercise stress EKG/echo test
Using persantine-dipyridamole for cardiac testing results in an ________ mediated vasodilation causing coronary steal
ADENOSINE!!
Dobutamine is a sympathomimetic ______ agonist with _____ agonism, _____ agonism racemic. It is used in
Beta1
B2
Alpha1
Cardiac
What are used as radioactive agents for markers of perfusion and pre and post stress testing?
Thallium 201
Tc99m sestamibi
Taking a loss for actual TEE material. Pictures are confusing
Sorry
