Transdermal Drug Delivery

Question 1

What is transdermal scopolamine

how much is contained in each patch

Answer 1

its the first FDA approved patch; treats motion sickness (reservoir in oil)

it has 1.5mg scopolamine and deliver 1 mg over 3 days
200 microgram is the priming dose in the adhesive layer

continous release formula controlled by the microporous membrane and not the skin

left behind the ear for 4 hours

Question 2

What is transdermal nitroglycerin

What are some examples

Answer 2

use to protect against angina
short half life, potent, rapidly metabolized by liver
delivery rate=design of system
don’t interchange patches
apply to clean,dry, hairless area of chest, back, upper arms, and shoulders

Examples: 
Nitro-Dur 
Transderm-Nitro 
Deponit 
Nitrodisc 
Minitran

Question 3

What is Nirto-Dur

Answer 3

• saturated suspension reservoir has 5mg/ nitroglycerin/cm on the patch
• delivers 0.02mg/hr/cm
• NO adsorbed on lactose suspended in glycerol
• non-adsorbed NO diffuses to skin
• saturated system releases more NO from lactose to solution

Question 4

What is Transderm-Nitro

Answer 4

• delivers 0.02mg nitroglycerin/hr/cm2

- lactose reservior system

Question 5

What is Depoint

Answer 5

• 0.013mg nitroglycerin/hr/cm2 of the patch

- matrix used

Question 6

What is transdermal clonidine

Answer 6

used to ttreat hypertension

Question 7

What is Catapres

Answer 7

transdermal clonidine

• lipid soluble, potent drug
• patch releases drug for 7days, replace weekly
• steady state after 2-3 days of application
• plasma levels good for 8 hours after application

Question 8

What is Transdermal Nicotine,

• give examples
• how is it used
• strengths of medicine
• administration

Answer 8

habitrol
nicoderm CQ
nicotrol
prostep

Its used as an adjunct for smoking cessation program
alternative chewing gum, lozenges, sublingual, tablets

strengths: 7-22 mg
administration: worn for 16-24 h/day during the course of treatment for 6-12 weeks

Question 9

What is transdermal estradiol?

• examples
• how is it used
• why is it effective
• how should it be administered
• where should patched be placed, where should it not be placed

Answer 9

examples:
estradem
vivelle
climara

use:
treats menopause symptoms, hypogonadism and estrogen deficiency

transdermal absorbed with little skin metabolism; no side effects

• apply patch twice/week and once for climiara for 3 weeks and then off for one
• trunk, abdomen, or buttocks, not waistline

Question 10

What are transdermal contraceptives

• give an example
• what is drug content
• how much drug is released every 24 hours
• where should patch be applied

Answer 10

ortho evra

• 6mg of noregestronmin and 0,75 mg ethyl estradiol/ 20 cm2 patch
• releases 150micrograms of norelgestromin and 20 micrograms of ethyl estradiol per 24 hours

-patch applied to shoulder, upper arm, lower abdomen, outter buttocks

Question 11

Transdermal Testosterone

• give example
• how should one of the examples be applied and when does it reach peak plasma lvl
• for the second example where can you place the patch

Answer 11

example:
testoderm
androderm

testoderm apply daily in a.m. to scrotal skin for 6-8 weeks; peak plasma lvl at 2-4 hours after application

-androderm goes on back, abdomen, upper arm, or thigh