Transcription Factors/ Cell signaling Flashcards
Location of primordial germ cells during the 2nd week of development:
In the wall of the yolk sac.
Phase in which the secondary oocyte arrested until fertilization.
Metaphase II
Functions of Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) (5)
Muscle and nerve specification; drosophila sex determination; pigmentation.
Mesenchymal cell matrix secretion and degradation produces or removes:
ECM as for example in Cartilage mesenchyme.
Mesenchymal cell condensation:
Becomes epithelium for example in Cartilage mesenchyme.
Mesenchymal cell division:
Produces more cells by mitosis (hyperplasia) for example in limb mesenchyme.
Mesenchymal cell migration produces:
Heart mesenchyme by cell movement at a particular time and place.
PGCs migrate to the developing gonads (genital ridge) during the ___ week of development.
4th week.
Protein-protein interaction domain
Modulation of TF or dimerization
Fat cells are produced by:
Mesenchymal cell growth (hypertrophy)
Functions of Homeodomain function (7)
Axis formation, pituitary development, neural fate, head development, neural specification, eye development
Nobel price in 1935 for his work in primary induction.
Hans Spemann
The four steps of cell migration are:
- Cell polarization directed by:
- ECM signals and difussing signals - Protrusion of leading edge: polimerization of actin at the cell membrane Filopodia and Lamellipodia formation.
- Adhesion on ECM: integrins span cel, membrane in focal adhesions
- Release of adhesion in the rear (most-likely. Ediated by Stretch-sensitive calcium channels)
Where do PGC’s come from originally
From the primary ectoderm derived from the epiblast
Cadherins assist in properly positioning cells, which in turns allow for: (2)
- Separation of different tissue layers
2. Cellular migration.
The two mayor embryonic cells are:
Epithelial cells (sheets and tubes) and “loose” Mesenchymal cells.
Functions of Basic leucine zipper (bZip) (2)
Liver differentiation, fat cell specification
Induction describes the process in which:
One group of cells, the inductive tissue, direct the development of another group of cells, the responding tissue.
Stimulates the development of ovarian follicles and the production of estrogen by the follicular cells.
FSH
Cadherins are:
Calcium-dependant adhesion molecules. They’re associated with greater tumor metastasis when loss of function.
What are some differences between spermatogenesis and oogenesis?
1) oogonia become primary oocytes before birth vs spermatogonia who are dormant until puberty
…
Serves as the trigger for ovulation and stimulates follicular cells and the corpus luteum to produce progesterone.
LH
Homone that stimulates MII during ovulatiom
LH
Interdigital mesenchyme is produced by:
Apoptosis (Cell death)
Cad-cad binding is ____ stronger than most metabolic protein-protein interaction.
200x
How do PGCs (46;2N) migrate to the gonads during the 4th week?
They migrate from the ventral end to the dorsal end (a lo largo del embrión) throughout the mesentery arriving at the indifferent gonads (Urogenital ridge).
Juxtacrine Signals
In juxtacrine interactions, proteins from the inducing cell interact with receptor proteins of adjacent responding cells. The inducer does not diffuse from the cell producing it.
In epithelia migration:
The leading edge of the sheet moves and the rest of the cells fallow passively.
The four groups of GDFs are:
Fibroblasts Growth Factors (FGFs), Hedgehogs, WNTs, Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-B) superfamily.
William Harvey was the first one to:
Argue that all animals develop from eggs “ex ovo omnia”.
DNA- binding domain
Recognizes a specific 11bp sequence on the DNA in the enhancer
Functions of Sry-Sox (3)
Bend DNA; mammalian primary sex determination; ectoderm differentiation
Cells from different embryonic tissues (Presumptive epidermal cells and Neural plate cells)…
“Spontaneously” reaggregate.
Function of the Yolk sac
Nutrir el tejido en desarollo
A transactivation domain
Binding RNA Pol II complex or nucleosome modifying enzymes in the C terminal of dimerized proteins
In mesenchyme migration:
Individual cells polarize and move actively through an ECM
Aristostoteles was the first one to:
Classify lives species
What are the three mechanisms of induction
- Diffusion of signal substances (paracrine)
- Matrix-Mediated interactions (juxtacrine)
- Cell contact-mediated interaction
Gametes are derived from:
Primordial germ cells (PGCs)
Functions of Zinc finger: Standad (4)
Kidney, gonad, and macrophage development; Drosophila segmentation
Monthly reproductive cycles are regulated by…
The hypothalamus, pituitary gland and ovaries.
