Transcription Factors/ Cell signaling Flashcards

1
Q

Location of primordial germ cells during the 2nd week of development:

A

In the wall of the yolk sac.

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2
Q

Phase in which the secondary oocyte arrested until fertilization.

A

Metaphase II

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3
Q

Functions of Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) (5)

A

Muscle and nerve specification; drosophila sex determination; pigmentation.

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4
Q

Mesenchymal cell matrix secretion and degradation produces or removes:

A

ECM as for example in Cartilage mesenchyme.

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5
Q

Mesenchymal cell condensation:

A

Becomes epithelium for example in Cartilage mesenchyme.

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6
Q

Mesenchymal cell division:

A

Produces more cells by mitosis (hyperplasia) for example in limb mesenchyme.

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7
Q

Mesenchymal cell migration produces:

A

Heart mesenchyme by cell movement at a particular time and place.

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8
Q

PGCs migrate to the developing gonads (genital ridge) during the ___ week of development.

A

4th week.

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9
Q

Protein-protein interaction domain

A

Modulation of TF or dimerization

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10
Q

Fat cells are produced by:

A

Mesenchymal cell growth (hypertrophy)

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11
Q

Functions of Homeodomain function (7)

A

Axis formation, pituitary development, neural fate, head development, neural specification, eye development

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12
Q

Nobel price in 1935 for his work in primary induction.

A

Hans Spemann

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13
Q

The four steps of cell migration are:

A
  1. Cell polarization directed by:
    - ECM signals and difussing signals
  2. Protrusion of leading edge: polimerization of actin at the cell membrane Filopodia and Lamellipodia formation.
  3. Adhesion on ECM: integrins span cel, membrane in focal adhesions
  4. Release of adhesion in the rear (most-likely. Ediated by Stretch-sensitive calcium channels)
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14
Q

Where do PGC’s come from originally

A

From the primary ectoderm derived from the epiblast

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15
Q

Cadherins assist in properly positioning cells, which in turns allow for: (2)

A
  1. Separation of different tissue layers

2. Cellular migration.

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16
Q

The two mayor embryonic cells are:

A

Epithelial cells (sheets and tubes) and “loose” Mesenchymal cells.

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17
Q

Functions of Basic leucine zipper (bZip) (2)

A

Liver differentiation, fat cell specification

18
Q

Induction describes the process in which:

A

One group of cells, the inductive tissue, direct the development of another group of cells, the responding tissue.

19
Q

Stimulates the development of ovarian follicles and the production of estrogen by the follicular cells.

A

FSH

20
Q

Cadherins are:

A

Calcium-dependant adhesion molecules. They’re associated with greater tumor metastasis when loss of function.

21
Q

What are some differences between spermatogenesis and oogenesis?

A

1) oogonia become primary oocytes before birth vs spermatogonia who are dormant until puberty

22
Q

Serves as the trigger for ovulation and stimulates follicular cells and the corpus luteum to produce progesterone.

A

LH

23
Q

Homone that stimulates MII during ovulatiom

A

LH

24
Q

Interdigital mesenchyme is produced by:

A

Apoptosis (Cell death)

25
Q

Cad-cad binding is ____ stronger than most metabolic protein-protein interaction.

A

200x

26
Q

How do PGCs (46;2N) migrate to the gonads during the 4th week?

A

They migrate from the ventral end to the dorsal end (a lo largo del embrión) throughout the mesentery arriving at the indifferent gonads (Urogenital ridge).

27
Q

Juxtacrine Signals

A

In juxtacrine interactions, proteins from the inducing cell interact with receptor proteins of adjacent responding cells. The inducer does not diffuse from the cell producing it.

28
Q

In epithelia migration:

A

The leading edge of the sheet moves and the rest of the cells fallow passively.

29
Q

The four groups of GDFs are:

A

Fibroblasts Growth Factors (FGFs), Hedgehogs, WNTs, Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-B) superfamily.

30
Q

William Harvey was the first one to:

A

Argue that all animals develop from eggs “ex ovo omnia”.

31
Q

DNA- binding domain

A

Recognizes a specific 11bp sequence on the DNA in the enhancer

32
Q

Functions of Sry-Sox (3)

A

Bend DNA; mammalian primary sex determination; ectoderm differentiation

33
Q

Cells from different embryonic tissues (Presumptive epidermal cells and Neural plate cells)…

A

“Spontaneously” reaggregate.

34
Q

Function of the Yolk sac

A

Nutrir el tejido en desarollo

35
Q

A transactivation domain

A

Binding RNA Pol II complex or nucleosome modifying enzymes in the C terminal of dimerized proteins

36
Q

In mesenchyme migration:

A

Individual cells polarize and move actively through an ECM

37
Q

Aristostoteles was the first one to:

A

Classify lives species

38
Q

What are the three mechanisms of induction

A
  1. Diffusion of signal substances (paracrine)
  2. Matrix-Mediated interactions (juxtacrine)
  3. Cell contact-mediated interaction
39
Q

Gametes are derived from:

A

Primordial germ cells (PGCs)

40
Q

Functions of Zinc finger: Standad (4)

A

Kidney, gonad, and macrophage development; Drosophila segmentation

41
Q

Monthly reproductive cycles are regulated by…

A

The hypothalamus, pituitary gland and ovaries.