Transcription

Question 1

Operon

Answer 1

Basic regulatory unit (i.e. a transcript)

Question 2

Cistron

Answer 2

A sequence that codes for a protein (prokaryotic operons may be polycistronic)

Question 3

pre-mRNA

Answer 3

mRNA that is still contained within the nucleus

Question 4

tRNA

Answer 4

transfer RNA; used in translation and is charged with an amino acid; less than 100 bases in length

Question 5

rRNA

Answer 5

ribosomal RNA; assists in translation; makes up most of the RNA in a cell

Question 6

snRNA

Answer 6

small nuclear RNA; found only in the eukaryotic nucleus; small and used in protein complexes that complete pre-mRNA splicing and polyadenylation

Question 7

snoRNA

Answer 7

small nucleolar RNA; used in processing of rRNA by modifying normal nucleotides and splicing; also found in telomerases

Question 8

miRNA

Answer 8

micro RNA; reduces rate of translation by helping to turn off gene expression in eukaryotes

Question 9

siRNA

Answer 9

silencing RNA; degrades mRNA and helps defend against viral attacks in eukaryotes

Question 10

gRNA

Answer 10

guide RNA; used in RNA editing for eukaryotes

Question 11

scRNA

Answer 11

small cytoplasmic RNA; has a variety of unknown functions in eukaryotes; catch-all class of RNA

Question 12

XIST

Answer 12

Specialized RNA that controls X-inactivation

Question 13

Prokaryotic Promotors

Answer 13

Pribnow Box (-10 Region)
-35 Region

Question 14

RNA Polymerase I

Answer 14

Most rRNAs (long RNA)

Question 15

RNA Polymerase II

Answer 15

mRNA, snoRNA, most snRNA (long/short RNA)

Question 16

RNA Polymerase III

Answer 16

tRNA, some snRNA, 5S rRNA (short RNA)

Question 17

Cis-acting Elements

Answer 17

DNA sequences that signal transcription; can be used in the physical attachment of RNA polymerase; can be upstream, downstream, or internal; often used as attachment sites for trans-acting factors

Question 18

Trans-acting Factors

Answer 18

Enzymes or RNAs that bind to the DNA and act as signals for transcriptional initiation (i.e. recruits RNA polymerase)

Question 19

RNA Polymerase II Promoter Regions (6)

Answer 19

1. TATA Box (Goldberg-Hogness)
2. CAAT Box
3. GC Elements
4. Octomer
5. kB
6. ATF