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Transplant Immunology > Trans Immuno > Flashcards

Trans Immuno Flashcards

1
Q

Define allogenic

A

Individuals of the same species that are genetically different

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2
Q

Autograft

A

graft tissue from one site to another on the same patient

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3
Q

Syngenic graft

A

graft between genetically identical patients

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4
Q

Allogenic graft

A

Two genetically diff patients

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5
Q

zenograft

A

graft between species…what the fuck

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6
Q

Describe transplant rejection in its most basic form

A

When an organ is transplanted, the host’s T cells attack the transplant

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7
Q

Describe GVHD in its most basic form

A

T cells in the transplant attack host tissues…bone marrow transplant

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8
Q

Can alloreactions be fatal during blood transfusions?

A

Yes.

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9
Q

What are the targets of alloreactivity during blood transfusions?

A

A,B,O antigens

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10
Q

What type of antibodies does someone with Type O blood have?

A

Both anti-A and anti B

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11
Q

What type of blood can someone with type Oblood be given?

A

Only type O blood

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12
Q

Type A blood, what type of antibodies?

A

Anti-B

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13
Q

Type A blood hosts can be given what type of blood?

A

O or A

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14
Q

Type B, what type of antibodies?

A

Anti A

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15
Q

Type B can be given?

A

O or B

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16
Q

Type AB blood, what type of antibodies

A

NONE!!

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17
Q

Type AB can be given?

A

Anything!

18
Q

What’s the deal with the + or -?

A

If you’re O+ for instance, you can receive O+ or O-. O- can only receive O-.

19
Q

Describe hyperacute rejection.

A

Occurs when the donors blood type does not match up with the recipients. Occurs within minutes. Antibodies bind to the endothelium of the transplanted organ, because it displays the same antigens that are present in the host blood. Complement and clotting screws you up.

20
Q

Acute rejection

A

CTLs against MHC complexes. Takes 1-15 days.

21
Q

Will the second allogenic graft be rejected more quickly than the first?

A

yes

22
Q

What is the mechanism of acute rejection

A

The transplant comes in bearing APCs (dendritic cells) which are doing their normal thing and presenting self antigens. These dendritic cells migrate to the spleen and present to T cells that form effector T cell responses. These T cells migrate to the graft site and kill the graft.

23
Q

If the HLA haplotypes match, can their still be graft rejection?

A

Yep. This can occur due to minor histocompatability mismatched in some cases. Takes 30-60 days.

24
Q

What are the most important HLA loci to match?

A

A,B,D

25
Q

Liver transplants require what?

A

Only blood matching

26
Q

Corneal require what?

A

Nothing

27
Q

What role might the placenta play in keeping a pregnancy from being recognized as an allograft?

A

Most likelyserves to block mom’s T cells. The placenta itself is fetal tissue but this is not a problem because it has no MHC molecules.

28
Q

What are Rh Antigens?

A

Protein antigens on RBCs

29
Q

Why are they important?

A

During pregnancy, fetal blood and mothers blood come into contact. If the mom is Rh negative and the child is Rh pos, she will developm Rh antibodies. If she is not vaccinated with Rhogan, anti Rh-antibody after the pregnancy, she could kill her next child if it is also Rh positive.

30
Q

When should Rhogam be administered?

A

When a child has compatible blood group antigens to the mother.

31
Q

What is GVHD

A

Attach of host tissue by T cells from donor

32
Q

What are the most affected tissues?

A

Skin, intestines, liver

33
Q

What 3 types of compounds are used most frequently as immunosuppresants during transplant?

A

Corticosteroids, Cytotoxic drugs, Microbial products

34
Q

What do corticosteroids do?

A

Inhibit NFkB which is used during cytokine expression. Therefore you have no T cell proliferation

35
Q

Name 3 cytotoxic drugs

A

Azathioprine
Cyclophosphamide
Methotrexatee

36
Q

When do you use azathrioprine?

A

Following solid organ transplant

37
Q

When is methotrexate used?

A

Drug of choice for inhibiting GVHD

38
Q

What do microbial products do?

A

Inhibit T cell activation

39
Q

What do cytotoxic drugs do?

A

inhibit DNA replication

40
Q

Cyclosporin A?

A

Interferes with IL-2. No T cell prolif

41
Q

Tacrolimus

A

No T cell prolif

42
Q

Rapamycin;

A

No T cell prolif

Transplant Immunology (1 decks)

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