Tranquilisation, Sedatives & Hypnotics Flashcards

1
Q

Traq, Sed, Hypno

A

Tranq- drugs, calm, reduce anx/agitation.

Sed- similar- drug in higher dose induce sleep.

Hypno- specifically induce sleeo. May be sed/tranq given in higher dose.

  • -some drugs marketed induce sleep e.g. Z-drugs (Zopiclone/Zolpidem).
  • -other drugs tranq/sed without inducing sleep- Haloperidol, Hypenthixol- actually stim (anti-psych)
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2
Q

Behavioral control in psychiatry (3)

A

1- Phy restraints- strait jacket- doc safety, no remove IV. 2 & 4 point ties.

2- Sed/Hypno drugs.

  • -earliest = Paraldehyde from 1880s.
  • -1900 Barbiturates- barbital.
  • -1940s Antihistamines
  • -1960s Benzodiazepines- diazepam.

3- Antipsychotic/ Neuroleptic/ Major Tranq- demotivating/indiff. Stop responding to motives (ignore voices in head etc).

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3
Q

Sleep

A
  • bio need- if don’t become rapidly psychotic.
  • many psych disorders sleep disruption- probs cause of psychosis in some.

Hyponotics- can used put them to sleep- often used in less severe situations.

  • -began late 1800s –> Bromides–> Barbiturates.
  • -1955 Meprobamate “Miltown”- mum’s lil helper- famous drug talked about.

Benzos- first Librium 1960s. -Diazepam if OD unlikely to die. —suppresses deep sleep (NREM) stages 3 & 4.

  • sleep is shallower & less satisfying- same applies to Z-drugs.
  • longer sleep & fall asleep faster not satisfying- worse for Z-drugs v Bzs.
  • effects ware off repeat (tolerance) - when stop get rebound = worse insomnia/nightmares etc.
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4
Q

Over counter sleeping aids

A

Antihistamines- in Nytol/Benylin.

  • -Trimeprazine- vallergan.
  • -hangover effects of sedation last into next day- drowsy/groggy.

Melatonin- hormone Pineal Gland- secreted naturally during sleep. high at night- only works in 50%.
–most natural sleep architecture.

-no amazing sleeping drugs yet.

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