Trait Theories; Social-Cognitive Theories; Exploring the Self

Question 1

The Big Five personality factor of ___ involves the following endpoints: sociable versus retiring and affectionate versus reserved.

Answer 1

Extraversion

Question 2

The ___ perspective proposes that personality is the result of interactions between people and their situations, and that the way one thinks about a situation affects one’s behavior.

Answer 2

Social-cognitive

Question 3

The spotlight effect means that people…

Answer 3

Overestimate the extent to which other people are noticing them.

Question 4

In Eysenck and Eysenck’s theory, an individual who is even-tempered and reliable is MOST likely a(n)…

Answer 4

Stable introvert

Question 5

Which choice CORRECTLY pairs a personality theory with a proponent?

Answer 5

Humanistic – Maslow

Question 6

In Western psychology, the ___ is thought to be the organizer of our thoughts, feelings, and actions, as well as the pivotal center of personality.

Answer 6

Self

Question 7

Garrick is a calm, self-satisfied man who appears to be secure. Garrick is MOST likely low on the Big Five factor of…

Answer 7

Neuroticism

Question 8

The term “reciprocal” is MOST nearly synonymous with..

Answer 8

Interactive

Question 9

Excessive self-love and self-absorption is called…

Answer 9

Narcissism

Question 10

Veda is sociable, fun-loving, and affectionate. She would likely score very high on a personality test that measures the Big Five factor of…

Answer 10

Extraversion

Question 11

The social-cognitive perspective highlights the importance of personal traits and environment, a process that Albert Bandura called…

Answer 11

Reciprocal determinism

Question 12

The benefits of a(n) ___ culture can come at the cost of more loneliness, more divorce, more homicide, and more stress-related disease.

Answer 12

Individualist

Question 13

In Eysenck and Eysenck’s model, Jeffrey is unstable and extraverted. Jeffrey is MOST likely…

Answer 13

Impulsive

Question 14

According to social-cognitive psychologists, the BEST way to predict future behavior is through…

Answer 14

Past behaviour patterns in similar situations.

Question 15

Martina’s car is dented in a minor accident. “Why can’t people look where they’re going!” Martina may be failing to take responsibility for her role in the accident, BEST illustrating…

Answer 15

A self-serving bias

Question 16

When Lydia noticed she was wearing mismatched socks, she overestimated the extent to which others would also notice. Her reaction BEST illustrates the ___ effect.

Answer 16

Spotlight

Question 17

When Sylvie noticed that she had spilled coffee on her new shirt, she overestimated the likelihood that other people at the meeting would notice. Sylvie’s reaction BEST illustrates…

Answer 17

The spotlight effect

Question 18

Basketball players who attribute their wins to their own skill and their losses to bad luck BEST illustrate…

Answer 18

The self-serving bias

Question 19

Geneva has an extremely clean dorm room. She keeps no clutter on her desk, she awakens very early to keep up with her schoolwork, and her car is spotless. Based on this information, Geneva would MOST likely score high on a scale measuring the Big Five factor of…

Answer 19

Conscientiousness

Question 20

In a psychology class debate on the trait perspective, Colin needs to take the opposing view and rebut its positive aspects. Which criticism of the trait perspective would he cite?

Answer 20

People do not act with predictable consistency, and behavior varies from one situation to the next.

Question 21

When Paul noticed that he had spilled coffee on his new shirt, he overestimated the likelihood that other people at the meeting would notice. Paul’s reaction BEST illustrates the ___ effect.

Answer 21

Spotlight