Training Terminology

Question 1

What does CRAP stand for?

Answer 1

Continuously Rewarding Ambiguous Performance

Question 2

Temperament

Answer 2

A dog’s personality, makeup, or nature that will determine its training process.

Question 3

Disposition

Answer 3

Genetic behavioral tendencies that may also determine a dog’s training process.

Question 4

Reactive Dog (In Obedience)

Answer 4

A reactive dog will wait to see a reward before complying with a command.

Question 5

Proactive Dog (In Obedience)

Answer 5

A proactive dog understands that their behavior has an effect on their environment. They will offer behaviors even without a reward.

Question 6

Operate Conditioning

Answer 6

A method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishment for behaviors. How animals make an association between a behavior and its consequence.

Question 7

Classical Conditioning

Answer 7

A word or sound that predicts a reward or correction.

Question 8

Primary Reinforcer

Answer 8

The primary reward you give your dog when they do a behavior you like (food, toy, or affection).

Question 9

Conditioned Reinforcer

Answer 9

A word or sound that has been classically conditioned to predict a reward. Signifies when you’re marking a moment in time when your dog is right or wrong.

Question 10

Continuation Marker

Answer 10

A sound that lets a dog know they will be receiving a reward.

Question 11

Terminal Marker

Answer 11

A sound that lets your dog know they will be receiving a reward but also guarantees a release. (Sound = Release & Reward)

Question 12

Non Reinforcement Marker

Answer 12

A signal for negative punishment. You withhold the reward from your dog until they do the behavior correctly.

Question 13

Conditioned Correction

Answer 13

A word or sound that lets the dog know they will be receiving a correction. (Sound = Correction)

Question 14

Distribution Hand

Answer 14

The hand you will use to deliver rewards to your dog.

Question 15

Supply Hand

Answer 15

The hand you will use to hold extra rewards for your dog.

Question 16

Overshadowing/Parry

Answer 16

When two or more stimuli are presented to the dog. One produces a strong response and overshadows the objective. (Command must come before physical cue or one will overshadow the other)

Question 17

Luring

Answer 17

When you use food to guide your dog into the desired position.

Question 18

Physical Cue

Answer 18

A signal to perform a behavior.

Question 19

Verbal Cue

Answer 19

A sound to perform a behavior.

Question 20

Fixed Shaping/Shaping

Answer 20

When you have a training goal in mind but you’re letting your dog figure out what you want instead of directly showing them.

Question 21

Free Shaping

Answer 21

When you don’t have a particular training goal in mind and you watch your dog to see if they will perform a behavior that you like. (Great way to create a proactive dog)

Question 22

Leash Pressure

Answer 22

When we use the leash to guide our dog into specific positions. Leash pressure isn’t turned off until the dog complies. (Form of negative reinforcement.)