Training for Aerobic and Anaerobic Power (7) Flashcards

1
Q

Specificity Principle*

A

adaptations in metabolic and physiologic functions that depend upon the type and mode of overload imposed

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2
Q

Most effective evaluation of sport-specific performance

A

measurement most closely simulates the actual activity and/or uses the muscle mass and movement patterns sport requires

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3
Q

overload principle applies to

A

everyone

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4
Q

how to achieve overload

A

either manipulate training frequency, intensity, and duration, or combining these factors

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5
Q

SAID principle

A

Specific adaptions to imposed demands

promotes specific training effects that produce specific performance improvements

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6
Q

Specific overload of short duration induces

A

specific strength-power adaptions

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7
Q

specific endurance training elicits specific

A

aerobic system adaptions

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8
Q

overloading specific muscles with endurance training enhances performance and aerobic power by

A

facilitating O2 transport to ad O2 use by trained muscles

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9
Q

greater blood flow in active tissues results from

A

increased microcirculation
more effective redistribution of cardiac output
combined effect of both factors

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10
Q

individual differences principle

A

all individuals do not respond similarly to a given training stimulus

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11
Q

Reversibility Principle

A

detraining rapidly occurs when terminating a training program

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12
Q

How much detraining reduces both metabolic and exercise capacity

A

1 or 2 weeks

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13
Q

Important changes that occur with anaerobic power training

A
  1. increased levels of anaerobic substrates
  2. increased quantity and activity of key enzymes that control the anaerobic phase of glucose catabolism
  3. Two factors increase capacity to generate high levels of blood lactate during all-out exercise
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14
Q

The two factors that increase capacity to generate high levels of blood lactate during all-out exercise

A
  1. increased levels of glycogen and glycolytic enzymes

2. improved motivation and tolerance to “pain”

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15
Q

four categories of diverse physiologic and metabolic factors to O2 transport and use

A

ventilation-aeration
central blood flow
active muscle metabolism
peripheral blood flow

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16
Q

metabolic adapations of training

A

aerobic training improves capacity for respiratory control in skeletal muscle
endurance trained skeletal muscle fibers contain larger and higher numbers of mitochondira

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17
Q

carbohydrate metabolism adaptions of training

A

trained muscle exhibits enhanced capacity to oxidize carbohydrate during maximal exercise
Reduced carb as fuel and increased fatty acid combustion in submaximal exercise

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18
Q

training affects heart rate

A

decreases intrinsic firing rate of SA node pacemaker tissue

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19
Q

submax HR decreases with endurance training

A

12-15 beats/min

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20
Q

training’s affect on stroke volume

A

increase during rest and exercise regardless of age or gender

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21
Q

4 factors that increase stroke volume

A
  1. increased internal left-ventricular volume and mass
  2. reduced cardiac and arterial stiffness
  3. increased diastolic filing time
  4. improved intrinsic cardiac contractile function
22
Q

endurance athletes will maintain a _____ VO2 at the same HR as untrained athletes

23
Q

training’s effect on cardiac output

A

increase in max cardiac output

trained athletes CO increases linearly with VO2

24
Q

Oxygen extraction (a-vO2 difference)

A

aerobic training increases quantity of O2 extractd from circulating blood

25
maximal exercise's effect on blood flow
1. larger max CO 2. greater blood distribution to muscle from nonactive areas 3. enlargement of cross-sectional areas of arteries and veins; 20% increase in capillarization
26
training's effect on BP
reduces systolic and diastolic bp during rest and submax exercuse
27
pulmonary adaptations with training
maximal exercise Ve increases from increased tidal volume and breathing rate as VO2 max increases increases tidal volume and decreases breathing frequency- increases O2 extraction from inspired air
28
pulmonary adaptions enhances exercises endurance for two reasons:
1. reduces fatigue of ventilatory musculature | 2. oxygen freed from use by respiratory musculature, becomes available to active locomotor muscles
29
endurance training lowers blood lactate levels and extends exercise before onset of blood lactate accumulation by
1. decreases rate of lactate formation during exercise 2. increasing rate of lactate clearance during exercise 3. combined effects of decreasing lactate formation and increasing lactate removal
30
four additional aerobic training adaptions
1. favorable body composition changes 2. more efficient body heat transfer 3. enhanced endurance performance 4. positive psychological benefits
31
factors that affect aerobic training responses
1. initial level of aerobic fitness 2. training intensity 3. training frequency 4. training duration
32
Aerobic capacity improves if exercise intensity maintains HR between
55-70% of max HR
33
determining the "training sensitive zone"
train at percentage of HRmax (220-age)
34
exercising at or slightly above lactate threshold is
effective
35
training duration threshold per workout for optimal aerobic improvement
none exisits
36
more frequent training produces
beneficial effects when training at lower intensity
37
how long before improvements occur
several weeks | 4-8 weeks for noticeable difference
38
taper for peak performance
before competition, athletes taper training intensity and/or volume to reduce physiologic and psychological stress and optimizing performance
39
how to maintain gains in aerobic fitness
intensity is held constant | frequency and duration can remain lower
40
lactate-generating capacity
to improve energy transfer capacity, training must overload the energy system
41
blood lactate rises to near-peak levels after how long with maximal exercise
1 min | rest for 3-5 min then do it again
42
two major goals of aerobic trainig
1. develop the capacity of the central circulation to deliver oxygen 2. enhance the capacity of the active musculature to supply and process oxygen
43
interval training
repeated activity bouts with brief rest periods permit completion of intense exercise without appreciable fatigue
44
four factor that impact interval training prescription
intensity duration length of recovery interval number of repetitions of exercise-relief interval
45
continuous training
involves steady-paced, prolonged exercise at moderate or high aerobic intensity , usually 60-80% VO2max
46
fartlek training
speed play determined based on "how it feels" running faster then slower on level and hilly terrain
47
sympathetic form of overtraining
increased sympathetic activity during rest
48
parasympathetic form of overtraining
predominance of vagal activity during rest and physical activity
49
overload
a planned, systematic, and progressive increase in training to improve performance
50
overreaching
unplanned, excessive overload with inadequate rest; poor performance observed in training and competition recovery after a few days of interventions
51
overtraining syndome
untreated overreaching that produces long -term decreased performance and impaired ability to train