Trained Vs Untrained Performer

Question 1

How does a trained and unring performer have the same cardiac output at rest?

Answer 1

Cardiac output stays the same at rest for both a trained and untrained performer.
During exercise, maximum cardiac output increases due to an increase in HR and in SV. Cardiac output will increase as the intensity of exercise increases until maximum intensity is reached, and then it plateaus. During exercise the increase in maximum cardiac output will have huge benefits for the trained performer because they will be able to transport more blood, and therefore more oxygen, to the working muscles.