Traima Part 4 Flashcards
What is the duration for callus formation following a fracture?
2-6 weeks
Callus formation is part of the healing process after a fracture.
What is the duration for ossification (bone formation) after a fracture?
3 weeks to 6 months
Ossification is the process where new bone is formed.
What is the duration for remodeling after a fracture?
6 weeks to 1 year
Remodeling is the final phase of bone healing.
What are the 6 P’s of neurovascular assessment?
- Pain
- Pallor
- Paralysis
- Paraesthesia
- Pulses
- Polar
These are signs to assess for neurovascular compromise.
What are the types of trauma investigations?
- Physical assessment
- ECG
- Serum profiles
- Radiological investigations
- Sonography
These investigations help determine the extent of trauma.
What can increased compartment pressure lead to?
- Cellular dysfunction
- Neural compression
- Tissue ischemia
Increased pressure in anatomical compartments can cause significant damage.
What are the three types of aetiology for compartment syndrome?
- Decreased compartment size
- Increased compartment contents
- External pressure
Understanding these causes is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.
What defines critical bleeding?
- Major haemorrhage
- Massive transfusion
Critical bleeding requires immediate medical intervention.
What should be monitored every 30-60 minutes in cases of massive hemorrhage?
Oxygenation, cardiac output, tissue perfusion, temperature
Monitoring these parameters is vital for patient stability.
What is a decreased systolic BP an indicator of?
Blood loss
Systolic BP is a critical sign of hemodynamic stability.
What are the three non-compressible components of the cranial cavity?
- Blood
- CSF
- Brain tissue
These components are essential for maintaining intracranial pressure (ICP).
What is the normal range for intracranial pressure (ICP)?
1-15 mmHg
ICP must be maintained to prevent brain damage.
What are the compensation mechanisms for increased cranial CS volume/pressure?
- CSF displacement to spinal subarachnoid space
- Reduction of venous blood volume
- Increased CSF absorption
- Decreased CSF production
These mechanisms help to maintain normal ICP.
What is Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP)?
Pressure required for perfusion across vessels in the brain
CPP is crucial for brain function and is influenced by MAP and ICP.
What is the minimum CPP required for adequate perfusion?
Greater than 60 mmHg
Below this threshold, hypoxia and neuronal death can occur.