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English 10: Honors > Tragedies/Oedipus Rex > Flashcards

Tragedies/Oedipus Rex Flashcards

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1
Q

Give characteristics of a Greek tragedy
(Where does death take place? Who relays information? Is it continuous or can time jump back in time or forwards? Are there multiple settings? Are there multiple versions of the same story or just one? What are the two types of attributes?)

A

-violence and death offstage
-messengers relay info
-continuous time of action
-in single place
-varied interpretations of myth OR history
-psychological + ethical attributes

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2
Q

Tragedy

A

an imitation of a serious action that will arouse pity and fear in the viewer (leads to a catharsis of said emotions)

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3
Q

Tragic hero

A

a character, usually of high birth, not 100% good nor 100% evil, whose downfall is brought about by some weakness or error in judgment

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4
Q

Hamartia

A

a tragic flaw, weakness, or error in judgment which causes the downfall of the hero

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5
Q

Hubris

A

arrogance or overweening pride which causes the hero’s transgression against the gods; tragic flaw

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6
Q

Anagnorisis

A

recognition or discovery on the part of the hero; change from ignorance to knowledge

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7
Q

Peripeteia

A

reversal of fortune (turning point)

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8
Q

Nemesis

A

fate that cannot be escaped

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9
Q

Catharsis

A

purgation of emotions of pity and fear which leaves the viewer both relieved and elated

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10
Q

Protagonist

A

the principal character in a work of literature, who is involved in the central conflict

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11
Q

Antagonist

A

the principal character or force in opposition to the protagonist

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12
Q

Foil

A

a character who, by contrast, sets off or helps define another character

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13
Q

Parallel character

A

a character whose similar situation or attitude toward a situation reinforces the main theme

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14
Q

Catalyst

A

a character whose actions serve to complicate the story, change the course of a character’s actions, or make possible the tragic or happy ending

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15
Q

Theatron

A

“dancing place” where chorus sang to audience (in middle of seating)

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16
Q

Parados

A

entrance to theater used by chorus

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17
Q

Proskenion

A

where most action took place + a backdrop in orchestra

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18
Q

Thymele

A

altar to Dionysus in center of orchestra where sacrifices were made

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19
Q

Skene

A

building used as a dressing room

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20
Q

Strophe

A

part one, chorus moves left to right

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21
Q

Antistrophe

A

part two, chorus moves right to left

22
Q

What are the three unities?

A

-unity of TIME (action takes place continuously in 24 hours)
-unity of PLACE (action is limited to one setting)
-unity of SUBJECT (single main plot focused on the main character)

23
Q

Messenger role

A

reports event that occur offstage

24
Q

Actors (gender? how many at a time? who?)

A

all male, never more than three, playwright took a leading role

25
Q

Chorus role

A

choral odes set the mood, provide background, divide the action into episodes (like scenes), reflect on events, reinforce themes, and offer playwright’s perspective

interact with characters by asking questions and offering approval, criticism, and advice

move a lot - use the parados to parade across the stage singing, chanting, and speaking the odes

26
Q

Costumes

A

-symbolically colored long, flowing robes
-larger than life masks with exaggerated features (identify age, gender, emotion)

27
Q

Limitations of theater

A

-no intermissions
-no lighting, curtains, or props

28
Q

Origin of tragedy

A

-religious festivals in honor of Dionysis (aka Bacchus to the Romans) who is the god of wine and fertility
-festivals held in spring) Dionysis was a suffering god who died each winter and was reborn each spring
-chorus of about 50 would sing and dance around altar
-dithyramb=hymn sung in Honor of Dionysis
-tragedy=goat song (a goat would be sacrificed)
-Thespis (6th century B.C.): considered the Father of Drama that introduced an actor to interact with the chorus, thus drama is born

29
Q

Aeschylus

A

525-426 B.C.
-introcuced a SECOND ACTOR, making possible dialogue independent of the chorus which lessened the importance of the chorus
-wrote trilogies using a single, unified theme; included a satyr play (comic relief)
-during the festivals, 3 dramatists would present plays (1 per day) and prizes would be awarded at the end

30
Q

Sophocles

A

496-406 B.C.
-added a THIRD actor to the play; fixed the chorus at 15 MEMBERS; added painted scenery
-most popular of the 3 great tragedians
-wrote 3 plays around the Oedipus story (not a trilogy)

31
Q

Euripedes

A

486-406 B.C.
-most tragic of the 3 great tragedians
-reduced the role of the chorus limiting them in the main action
-humanized characters and made conflicts more real
-introduced DEUS EX MACHINA (literally, god of the machine) plays would end with an intervention from heaven where gods would come down and solve the problem

32
Q

Drama structure

A

Version A:
-problem
-complications
-recognition
-unraveling
-reversal of situation

Version B:
-exposition
-complications
-discoveries and reversals
-climax
-denouement (catastrophe used for tragedies, denouement used for drama and comedy)

33
Q

Travels of Oedipus (where he went throughout his life)

A
  1. Thebes
  2. Mt. Cithaeron
  3. Corinth
  4. Delphi
  5. Crossroads
  6. Daulis
  7. Sphinx
    -then back to Thebes
34
Q

Stichomythia

A

a rapid exchange of dialogue between two people, like a verbal ping-pong match

35
Q

Verbal Irony

A

a figure of speech in which there is a contrast between what is said and what is actually meant (humor, sarcasm, and persuasion are types)

Ex. “What nice weather we’re having!” when there’s a hurricane

36
Q

Dramatic Irony

A

occurs when the audience knows what the character does not (appears a lot in Oedipus Rex)

37
Q

Situational Irony

A

the contrast between what is intended or expected and what actually occurs

Ex. A police station being robbed

38
Q

Motif and Examples

A

a recurring image, word, phrase, idea, object, or situation appearing throughout a work
-serves to unify the work and helps develop theme

Ex. light and dark, nautical imagery, sight and blindness, ignorance and knowledge, plague/disease, oracle

39
Q

Oedipus

A

-protagonist
-fated to kill his father and marry his mother
-tragic flaw is his hubris and determination to uncover the truth

40
Q

Jocasta

A

-Oedipus’ wife and unknowingly his mother
-Queen of Thebes
-tries to prevent Oedipus from discovering the prophecy’s truth

41
Q

Laius

A

-former King of Thebes
-Oedipus’ biological father
-killed by Oedipus (prophecy)

42
Q

Creon

A

-Jocasta’s brother
-rational and loyal figure
-contrasts Oedipus’ impulsive nature

43
Q

Tiresias

A

-blind prophet/seer
-knows truth about Oedipus’ identity and fate but is met with hostility when he reveals it

44
Q

Chorus

A

-represents the citizens of Thebes
-provides commentary on the events
-reflects the public’s perspective

45
Q

Shepherd

A

-former servant of Laius
-saved baby Oedipus by giving him to another shepherd instead of killing him as ordered

46
Q

Messenger

A

-brings news to Oedipus about the death of Polybus and that Polybus is his adoptive father

47
Q

Polybus and Merope

A

-Oedipus’ adoptive parents
-King and Queen of Corinth
-raise Oedipus without revealing his true origins

48
Q

Apollo

A

-central to the play as oracle in Delphi
-predicts Oedipus’ fate
-represents prophecy, truth, and free will
-Oedipus’ journey revolves around uncovering Apollo’s oracle

49
Q

Zeus

A

-king of the gods (ultimate authority)
-symbolizes divine justice

50
Q

Dionysus

A

-invoked by the chorus as Thebes is a city closely associated with his worship
-represents fertility, renewal, and chaos

51
Q

Chorus calls upon these gods

A

-asks Zeus what doom is to come
-asks Athena to protect
-asks Artemis to guard
-asks Apollo to shoot arrows
-asks to banish Ares
-asks Bacchus to save them

52
Q

Freytag Plot Structure Triangle

A
  1. Incentive moment
  2. Peripeteia (during rising action)
  3. Climax
  4. Anagnorisis (during falling action)
  5. Catastrophe (during falling action)
  6. Resolution

English 10: Honors (1 decks)

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