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HFB1213 - Clinical Practice 2 > Traffic Lights > Flashcards

Traffic Lights Flashcards

Indications, Contras and Precautions + Doses as per CPGs

1
Q

Adrenaline - Presentation

A

1 mg in 1 mL glass ampoule (1:1000)

1 mg in 10 mL glass ampoule (1:10,000)

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2
Q

Adrenaline - Primary emergency indications

A
  1. Cardiac arrest - VF/VT, Asystole or PEA
  2. Inadequate perfusion (cardiogenic or non-cariogenic/non-hypovolaemic)
  3. Bradycardia with poor perfusion
  4. Anaphylaxis
  5. Severe asthma - imminent life threat not responding to nebuliser therapy, or unconscious with no BP
  6. Croup
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3
Q

Adrenaline - Contraindications

A
  1. Hypovolaemic shock without adequate fluid replacement
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4
Q

Adrenaline - Precautions

A

Consider reduced dose for:

  1. Elderly/frail Pt
  2. Pt with cardiovascular disease
  3. Pt on monoamine oxidase inhibitors
  4. Higher doses may be considered for Pts on beta blockers
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5
Q

Aspirin- Presentation

A

300 mg chewable tablet

300 mg soluble/water dispensable tablet

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6
Q

Aspirin - Primary emergency indications

A
  1. ACS
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7
Q

Aspirin - Contraindications

A
  1. Hypersensitivity to aspirin/salicylates
  2. Actively bleeding peptic ulcers
  3. Bleeding disorders
  4. Suspected dissecting aortic aneurysm
  5. Chest pain associated with psychostimulant OD if systolic BP >160mmHg
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8
Q

Aspirin - Precautions

A
  1. Peptic ulcers
  2. Asthma
  3. Pt on anticoagulants
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9
Q

Dexamethasone - Presentation

A

8 mg in 2 mL glass vial

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10
Q

Dexamethasone - Primary emergency indications

A
  1. Bronchospasm associated with acute respiratory distress not responsive to nebulised Salbutamol
  2. Moderate - severe croup
  3. Acute exacerbation of COPD
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11
Q

Dexamethasone - Contraindications

A
  1. Known hypersensitivity
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12
Q

Dexamethasone - Precautions

A
  1. Solutions which are not clear or are contaminated should be discarded
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13
Q

Dextrose 10 - Presentation

A

25g in 250mL infusion soft pack

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14
Q

Dextrose 10 - Primary emergency indications

A
  1. Diabetic hypoglycaemia (BGL analysis < 4 mol/L) in Pt with altered conscious state who is unable to self-administer oral glucose
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15
Q

Dextrose 10 - Contraindications

A
  1. Nil of significance in the above indication
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16
Q

Dextrose 10 - Precautions

A
  1. Nil of significance in the above indication
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17
Q

Fentanyl - Presentation

A

100 mcg in 2 mL glass ampoule

250 mcg in 1 mL glass ampoule or cartridge (IN use only)

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18
Q

Fentanyl - Primary emergency indications

A
  1. Sedation to facilitate intubation
  2. Sedation to maintain intubation
  3. Sedation to facilitate transthoracic pacing
  4. Sedation to facilitate synchronised cardioversion
  5. CPR interfering Pt - ALS
  6. Analgesia - IV/IN
    - Hx of hypersensitivity or allergy to morphine
    - Known renal impairment/failure
    - Short duration of action desirable
    - Hypotension
    - Nausea and/or vomiting
    - Severe headache
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19
Q

Fentanyl - Contraindications

A
  1. Hx of hypersensitivity
  2. Late second stage of labour
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20
Q

Fentanyl - Precautions

A
  1. Elderly/frail Pt
  2. Impaired hepatic function
  3. Respiratory depression e.g. COPD
  4. Current asthma
  5. Pt on monoamine oxidase inhibitors
  6. Known addiction to opioids
  7. Rhinitis, rhinorrhea or facial trauma (IN route)
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21
Q

Glucagon - Presentation

A

1mg (IU) in 1mL hypokit

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22
Q

Glucagon - Primary emergency indications

A
  1. Diabetic hypoglycaemia (BGL <4mmol/L) in Pt with an altered conscious state who are unable to self-administer oral glucose
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23
Q

Glucagon - Contraindications

A
  1. Nil of significance in the above indication
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24
Q

Glucagon - Precautions

A
  1. Nil of significance in the above indication
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25
Q

GTN - Presentation

A
  1. 3mg tablet
  2. 6mg tablets

Transdermal GTN Patch (50mg 0.4mg/hr release)

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26
Q

GTN - Primary emergency indications

A
  1. Chest pain with ACS
  2. Acute LVF
  3. Hypertension associated with ACS
  4. Autonomic dysreflexia
  5. Preterm labour (consult)
27
Q

GTN - Contraindications

A
  1. Known hypersensitivity
  2. Systolic blood pressure <110 mmHg tablet
  3. Systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg patch
  4. Sildenafil Citrate (Viagra) or Vardenafil (Levitra) administration in the last 24hr or Tadalafil (Cialis) administration in the previous 4 days (PDE5 inhibitors)
  5. Heart rate > 150bpm
  6. Bradycardia HR <50bpm (excluding autonomic dysreflexia)
  7. VT
  8. Inferior STEMI with systolic BP <160 mmHg
  9. Right ventricular MI
28
Q

GTN - Precautions

A
  1. No previous administration
  2. Elderly Pt
  3. Recent MI
  4. Concurrent use with other tocolytics
29
Q

Ipratropium Bromide - Presentation

A

250 mcg in 1 mL nebule or polyamp

30
Q

Ipratropium Bromide - Primary emergency indications

A
  1. Severe respiratory distress associated with bronchospasm
  2. Exacerbation of COPD irrespective of severity
31
Q

Ipratropium Bromide - Contraindications

A
  1. Known hypersensitivity to Atropine or its derivatives
32
Q

Ipratropium Bromide - Precautions

A
  1. Glaucoma
  2. Avoid contact with eyes
33
Q

Methoxyflurane - Presentation

A

3 mL glass bottle

34
Q

Methoxyflurane - Primary emergency indications

A
  1. Pain relief
35
Q

Methoxyflurane - Contraindications

A
  1. Pre-existing renal disease / renal impairment
  2. Concurrent use of tetracycline antibiotics
  3. Exceeding total dose of 6 mL in 24hr period
  4. Personal or family history of malignant hypothermia
  5. Muscular dystrophy
36
Q

Methoxyflurane - Precautions

A
  1. The Penthrox inhaler must be hand-held by the Pt so that if unconsciousness occurs it will fall from the patient’s face. Occasionally the operator may need to assist but must continuously assess the level of consciousness
  2. Pre-eclampsia
  3. Concurrent use with oxytocin may cause hypotension
37
Q

Morphine - Presentation

A

10 mg in 1 mL glass ampoule

38
Q

Morphine - Primary emergency indications

A
  1. Pain relief
  2. Sedation to maintain intubation
  3. Sedation to enable intubation
  4. RSI
39
Q

Morphine - Contraindications

A
  1. History of hypersensitivity
  2. Renal impairment / failure
  3. Late second stage of labour
40
Q

Morphine - Precautions

A
  1. Elderly / frail Pt
  2. Hypotension
  3. Respiratory depression
  4. Current asthma
  5. Respiratory tract burns
  6. Known addiction to opioids
  7. Acute alcoholism
  8. Pt on monoamine oxidase inhibitors
41
Q

Naloxone - Presentation

A

0.4 mg in 1 mL glass ampoule

42
Q

Naloxone - Primary emergency indications

A
  1. Altered conscious state and respiratory depression secondary to administration of opioids or related drugs
43
Q

Naloxone - Contraindications

A
  1. Nil of significance in the above indication
44
Q

Naloxone - Precautions

A
  1. If Pt is known to be physically dependent on opioids, be prepared for a combative Pt after administration
  2. Neonates
45
Q

Normal Saline - Presentation

A

10 mL polyamp

500 mL and 1000 mL infusion soft pack

46
Q

Normal Saline - Primary emergency indication

A
  1. As a fluid replacement in volume depleted patients
  2. Cardiac arrest secondary to hypovolaemia or where the Pt might be fluid responsive
  3. To expand intravascular volume in the non-cardiac, non-hypovolaemic hypotensive Pt e.g. anaphylaxis, burns. sepsis
  4. As a fluid challenge in unresponsive, non-hypovolaemic, hypotensive patients (other than LVF). e.g. asthma
  5. Fluid for diluting and administering IV drugs
  6. Fluid TKVO for IV administration of emergency drugs
47
Q

Normal Saline - Contraindications

A
  1. Nil of Significance in the above indication
48
Q

Normal Saline - Precautions

A
  1. Consider modifying factors when administering for hypovolaemia
49
Q

Ondansetron - Presentation

A

4 mg orally disolved tablet

8 mg in 4 mL glass bottle

50
Q

Ondansetron - Primary emergency indications

A
  1. Undifferentiated nausea and vomiting
  2. Prophylaxis for spinally immobilised or eye injured Pt
  3. Vestibular nausea in Pt <21 years of age
51
Q

Ondansetron - Contraindications

A
  1. Known hypersensitivity
  2. Concurrent Anpomorphine use
  3. Known long Q-T syndrome
  4. Hypokalaemia or hypomagnesaemia
52
Q

Ondansetron - Precautions

A
  1. Pt with liver disease should not receive more than 8 mg of Ondansetron per day
  2. Care should be taken with patients on diuretics who may have an underlying electrolyte imbalance
  3. Ondansetron contains aspartame and should not be given to patients with phenylketonuria
  4. Concurrent use of Tramadol
  5. Pregnancy
53
Q

Paracetamol - Presentation

A

500 mg tablets

120 mg in 5 mL oral liquid (24 mg/mL)

54
Q

Paracetamol - Primary emergency indications

A
  1. Mild pain
  2. Headache
55
Q

Paracetamol - Contraindications

A
  1. Hypersensitivity to paracetamol
  2. Children < 1 month of age
  3. Paracetamol already administered within past 4hrs
  4. Total paracetamol intake within past 24hrs exceeding 4 g (adults) or 60 mg/kg (children)
  5. Chest pain in suspected acute coronary syndrome
56
Q

Paracetamol - Precautions

A
  1. Impaired hepatic function or liver disease
  2. Elderly/frail
  3. Malnourished
57
Q

Prochlorperazine (Stemetil) - Presentation

A

12.5 mg in 1 mL glass ampoule

58
Q

Prochlorperazine (Stemetil) - Primary emergency indications

A
  1. Treatment or prophylaxis of nausea / vomiting for
    - Motion sickness
    - Planned aeromedical evacuation
    - Known allergy or C/I to Ondansetron administration
    - Headache irrespective of nausea / vomiting
    - Vertigo
59
Q

Prochlorperazine (Stemetil) - Contraindications

A
  1. Circulatory collapse (cool, pale, clammy skin, tachycardia, hypotension)
  2. CNS depression
  3. Previous hypersensitivity
  4. Pt < 21 years of age
  5. Pregnancy
60
Q

Prochlorperazine (Stemetil) - Precautions

A
  1. Hypotension
  2. Epilepsy
  3. Pt affected by alcohol or on anti-depressants
61
Q

Salbutamol - Presentation

A

5 mg in 2.5 mL polyp

pMDI (100 mcg per actuation)

62
Q

Salbutamol - Primary emergency indications

A
  1. Respiratory distress with suspected bronchospasm:
    - asthma
    - severe allergic reactions
    - COPD
    - smoke inhalation
    - oleoresin capsicum spray exposure
63
Q

Salbutamol - Contraindications

A
  1. None of significance in the above indications
64
Q

Salbutamol - Precautions

A
  1. Large doses of Salbutamol have been reported to intracellular metabolic acidosis

HFB1213 - Clinical Practice 2 (19 decks)

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