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PTOE Exam Prep > Traffic Control Devices > Flashcards

Traffic Control Devices Flashcards

1
Q

Design and placement of traffic control devices must consider what human factors?

A
  • Timing
  • Primacy (target value)
  • Expectancy
  • Redundancy
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2
Q

Minimum sign mounting height

A

Rural - 5’ above near edge of pavement
Parking/Ped Areas - 7’
Overhead - 17’

Secondary panels may be mounted 1’ lower than the clearances listed above

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3
Q

Lateral offset for sign placement

A

Rural - 12’ from edge of traveled way or 6’ from outside edge of shoulder, whichever is greater
Urban - 1’ from face of curb, or more if required by agency

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4
Q

Standard Sign Color - regulatory

A

Red

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5
Q

Standard Sign Color - warning

A

Yellow

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6
Q

Standard Sign Color - guide

A

Green

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7
Q

Standard Sign Color - services

A

Blue

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8
Q

Standard Sign Color - construction

A

Orange

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9
Q

Standard Sign Color - recreation

A

Brown

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10
Q

Standard Sign Color - school

A

fluorescent yellow-green

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11
Q

Standard Sign Color - incident

A

fluorescent pink

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12
Q

Standard Sign Color - electronic toll

A

Purple

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13
Q

What types of signs require retroreflectivity (or to be lit)?

A

Regulatory, warning, and guide

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14
Q

What are the message requirements for changeable message signs?

A

No more than
- 2 displays per message
- 3 lines with 20 characters per line

Readable at least twice by drivers traveling at the prevailing speed

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15
Q

Potential advantages of traffic signals

A
  1. provide for orderly movement of traffic
  2. reduce frequency of certain types of crashes
  3. increase capacity of minor street approach
  4. provide gaps
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16
Q

Potential disadvantages of traffic signals

A
  1. increase delay and fuel consumption during off-peak periods
  2. increase frequency of certain types of crashes
  3. result in driver frustration
  4. cause road users to choose less appropriate routes
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17
Q

MUTCD Signal Warrants

A
  1. Eight-hour vehicular volume
  2. Four-hour vehicular volumes
  3. Peak hour
  4. Pedestrian volume
  5. School crossing
  6. Coordinated signal system
  7. Crash experience
  8. Roadway network
  9. Intersection near a railroad grade crossing
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18
Q

Pretimed Control

A

Consistent cycle and interval lengths

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19
Q

Actuated Control

A

Responds to changing traffic flows by using detection

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20
Q

What size lenses are required by the MUTCD? What are the exceptions?

A

12”, except when:

  • downstream signals are closely spaced
  • circular indications when posted speed limit less than 30 mph
  • circular indications for supplemental near-side signal
  • supplemental signal solely for peds/bikes
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21
Q

Signal Phase

A

Sum of green right-of-way, yellow change, and red clearance intervals

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22
Q

Phase Numbering (ring diagram)

A

The signal may display one phase from one ring and one phase from the other ring… NOT two phases from the same ring and not phases that cross barriers

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23
Q

What is the purpose of phasing?

A

To minimize potential hazards at the intersection by separating conflicting vehicular and pedestrian movements

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24
Q

What is the threshold to consider dual left turns?

A

300 left turns/hour

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25
Q

What are the two rules of thumb for separating the left turn phase?

A

100+ left turns/hour

number of left turning vehicles x opposing volume > 50,000

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26
Q

Do short cycle lengths tend to increase or decrease overall intersection delay?

A

Decrease, as long as capacity is not exceeded

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27
Q

To provide equal quality of service to all movements, the green interval lengths should be…

A

proportional to traffic demand volumes per lane

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28
Q

What is the phase-change interval?

A

yellow change + red clearance

must be determined such that approach vehicles can either stop or clear the intersection

29
Q

Pedestrian Timing Elements

A
  • pedestrian start-off time
  • pedestrian clearance time
  • buffer time
30
Q

Pedestrian Start-off Time

A

Time for pedestrians to step into the street and start crossing

31
Q

Pedestrian Clearance Time

A

Time needed for pedestrians to complete the street crossing

Measured at least to far edge of farthest traveled lane or to median wide enough for pedestrian storage

Sum of pedestrian change interval + buffer interval

32
Q

How does EVP obtain green time for emergency vehicles?

A

Existing signal phase is abbreviated. After a normal change interval, the green is transferred to the approach used by the emergency vehicle

33
Q

How does TSP obtain green time for transit vehicles?

A

Modifies the timing of the normal sequence of operation to provide green sooner, rather than transferring out of normal sequence

34
Q

Describe Pedestrian Hybrid Beacon (HAWK) operation.

A
  • Dark unless activated.
  • Flashing yellow, steady yellow, steady red during pedestrian crossing.
  • Flashing red during pedestrian clearance interval.
35
Q

Describe Emergency Vehicle Hybrid Beacon operation

A
  • Dark unless activated.
  • Flashing yellow, steady yellow, alternating flashing red until emergency vehicle clears intersection
36
Q

Signal Coordination

A

Predictable time relationship between operations of each signal relative to the other signals in the system

37
Q

Methods to achieve signal coordination

A
  • Time-based coordination
  • System masters with interconnect
  • Computer-controlled system
38
Q

What factors influence the desirability of coordinating signals?

A
  • Signal spacing (less than 1/2 mi)
  • Directional movement
  • Signal phasing
  • Arrival patterns (platoons)
  • Traffic fluctuations (peakiness)
  • Incompatible signal cycle (must be same length cycles)
39
Q

What conditions favor signal removal?

A

Adequate sight distance
Lower traffic volumes
Crash frequency of at least 2/year

40
Q

What is the purpose of pavement markings?

A

Indicate regulations
Supplement other devices
Guide road users
Warn road users

41
Q

Pavement Marking color - white

A

Long lines between same direction
Edge line
Transverse markings
Words, symbols, arrows
Crosswalks
Chevron, diagonal, crosshatch

42
Q

Pavement Marking color - yellow

A

Long lines between opposing direction
Left edge of divided highways or one-ways
Separation of TWLTL and reversible lanes

43
Q

Pavement Marking color - red

A

Truck escape ramps
Wrong way movements
Transit lanes (interim)

44
Q

Pavement Marking color - blue

A

Supplement white markings for handicap parking

45
Q

Pavement Marking color - purple

A

Supplement lane/edge line markings for toll plaza approach lanes restricted to vehicles with electronic toll collection

46
Q

Pavement Marking color - black

A

Not considered a marking color, but used for contrast

47
Q

Pavement Marking color - green

A

Bicycle lanes (interim)

48
Q

Minimum retroreflectivity for pavement markings

A

50 mcd/sq m/lx under dry conditions (35mph or greater)

100 mcd/sq m/lx under dry conditions (70 mph or greater)

49
Q

Types of Railroad Crossing Control

A

Passive - signs and pavement markings
Active - flashing light signals, bells, gates

50
Q

Approach Sight Distance (Railroad)

A

where the road user becomes aware of the presence of a crossing ahead

51
Q

Corner Sight Distance (Railroad)

A

ability of approaching road user to see an approaching train

52
Q

Clearing Sight Distance (Railroad)

A

visibility available to road user along the track when stopped ahead of the crossing

53
Q

Work Zone Areas

A

Advance warning area
Transition area
Activity area
Termination area

54
Q

What are the parts of a work zone activity area?

A

Work space
Traffic space
Buffer space

55
Q

Duration- Long Term Stationary

A

More than 3 days

56
Q

Duration- Intermediate Term Stationary

A

Overnight to 3 days

57
Q

Duration- Short Term Stationary

A

Daytime, 1-12 hours

58
Q

Duration- Short duration

A

Up to 1 hour

59
Q

Duration- Mobile work

A

Moves intermittently or continuously along the roadway

60
Q

Taper length equation

A

L=WS^2/60 for speeds of 40 mph or less

L=WS for speeds of 45 mph or more

61
Q

Merging taper length

A

L

62
Q

Shifting taper length

A

1/2 L

63
Q

Shoulder closure taper length

A

1/3 L

64
Q

Double lane closure length

A

L + 2L + L = 4L

65
Q

What are the components of a Transportation Management Plan?

A

Temporary traffic control plan
Traffic operations plan
Public information plan

66
Q

TSM&O

A

Transportation Systems Management and Operations

integrated program to optimize performance of existing infrastructure through implementation of specific systems/services that preserve capacity and improve reliability and safety

67
Q

What is the goal of traffic incident management?

A

pre-planned coordinated approach to respond to incidents as quickly and safely as possible, to return the facility to normal operations

68
Q

What approaches are used by SRTS?

A

Encouragement Approach
Education Approach
Engineering Approach
Enforcement Approach

PTOE Exam Prep (6 decks)

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