Traditional Logic Flashcards
What is logic?
The science of right thinking.
What does formal or minor logic focus on?
Form or structure of reasoning.
What does material or major logic focus on?
Content of argumentation.
Define truth, in the context of logic.
Correspondence of a statement to reality.
What is validity?
When an argument’s conclusion logically follows from its premises.
Define soundness in the context of an argument.
When all premises are true and the argument is valid.
How many premises and conclusions must an argument have?
At least two premises and one conclusion.
What is the verbal expression of simple apprehension?
Term.
What is the verbal expression of judgement?
Proposition.
What is the verbal expression of deductive inference?
Syllogism.
What are the three “acts” that occur when we encounter a chair for the first time?
Sensory perception, formation of a mental image, and comprehension of what a chair signifies.
What is sensory perception?
It involves the act of seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting, or touching an object.
What is a mental image?
It is the internal representation of an object formed in the mind following sensory perception.
What is the difference between sensory perception and mental imagery?
Sensory perception requires the object to be accessible to the senses, while a mental image can exist regardless of sensory accessibility.
What is conceptual understanding or simple apprehension?
It is the act where your mind comprehends what the object represents, focusing solely on its essence.
What is the process by which a Simple Apprehension is derived from sensory perception and a mental image?
Abstraction.
What does Simple Apprehension pertain to?
It pertains only to the essence of an object, without extending to its description.
What is the act that excludes the sensory aspects of the object and focuses on its essence known as?
Conceptual understanding
What is the process of stating what the object is or what it is not referred to as?
Judgement.
