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Other bot med... > Traditional Herbal Actions - Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Traditional Herbal Actions - Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Herbs with this herbal action produce an increase in bodily resistance and vitality.

A

Adaptogen

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2
Q

Herbs with this herbal action help the body adapt to and defend against the effects of environmental stress.

A

Adaptogen

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3
Q

According to a recent definition, adaptogens must do what three things?

A

1) Show nonspecific activity - increase the body’s ability to resist physical, chemical, or biological noxious agents.
2) Have a normalizing influence independent of the nature of the pathological state
3) Be innocuous and not influence normal body functions more than required

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4
Q

What are the general aims of treatment with adaptogens? (list 3)

A

1) Reduce stress reactions during alarm phase of the stress response
2) Prevent, or at least delay, the state of exhaustion
3) Provide a certain level of protection against long term stress.

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5
Q

How do adaptogens moderate the stress response? (list 3)

A

1) Enable a more rapid, but less exaggerated response (blood glucose rises more rapidly after the onset of stress, but does not rise as high)
2) Allow a more sustained peak (blood glucose is elevated - available for cell function - for a longer period of time)
3) Foster a more gradual decline (there is a less precipitous drop in blood glucose)

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6
Q

What are adaptogens’ effects on glucose? (list 3)

A

1) Stimulate the liver to convert glycogen to glucose, leading to increased blood glucose levels.
2) Enhance entry of glucose into cells
3) Enhance utilization of glucose within cells

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7
Q

List some adaptogenic herbs.

A 
Aanthopanax sessiliflorum (wu jia pi)
Albizzia julibrissin (silk tree)
Aralia elata (Japanese angelica tree)
A. manshuria (Manchurian aralia)
Aralia schmidtii (Sakhalin spikenard)
Cicer arietinum (chickpea)
Codonoposis pilosula (dang shen)
Echinopanax elatus (Asian devil's club)
Eleutherococcus senticosus (Siberian ginseng)
Eucommia ulmoides (hardy rubber tree)
Ganoderma lucidum (reishi mushroom)
Hoppea dichotoma
Leuzea carthamoides (maral root)
Ocimum sanctum (holy basi)
Panax ginsen (Korean ginseng)
Panax quinquefolios (American ginseng)
Rhodiola rosea (roseroot stonecrop)
Schisandra chinensis (schizandra)
Tinospora cordifolia (guduchi)
Trichopus zeylanicus (arogyappacha)
Withania somnifera (ashwaganda)
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8
Q

Herbs with this herbal action gradually restore proper function to the body and increase overall health and vitality.

A

Alterative

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9
Q

Herbs with this herbal action seem to alter the body’s metabolic processes to improve tissues’ ability to deal with a range of body functions, from nutrition to elimination.

A

Alterative

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10
Q

Many herbs with this herbal actionhelp the body eliminate waste through the kidneys, liver, lungs, or skin.
Some work to stimulate the digestive system.
Some work as immunomodulators

A

Alterative

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11
Q

This herbal action should considered first for cases of inflammatory and degenerative diseases including skin disease various types of arthritis and a wide range of autoimmune problems.

A

Alterative

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12
Q

Herbs with this herbal action help the body remove excess mucus (both sinuses and in other parts of the body)

A

Anticatarrhal

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13
Q

Herbs with this herbal action are used mainly for ear, nose and throat infections, but also have an essential role to play in many broader based treatment approaches.

A

Anticatarrhal

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14
Q

What are the constituents that have been suggested as being pivitol to the action of anticatarhal herbs? (list 3)

A

1) Tannins - have an astringent action and are common to many herbs in the group
2) Volatile oil-rich plants - can have anticatarrhal effects, in part fue to their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory actions
3) Flavones and flavonoids - including commonly found compounds like quercetin, apparently contribute to the total effect

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15
Q

Herbs with this herbal action help the body combat inflammation.

A

Anti-inflammatory

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16
Q

Herbs with this herbal action are safe to use for relief of pain and discomfort, but are most often used in combination with other remedies that address the underlying problem. (ie. they should not be used simply on their own to relieve symptoms)

A

Anti-inflammatories

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17
Q

What are the four types of anti-inflammatory herbs?

A

1) Salicylate-containing anti-inflammatory herbs
2) Plants containing steroid precursors
3) Essential oil-rich plants
4) Resin-containing plants
Others

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18
Q

This class of anti-inflammatory herbs is useful for musculoskeletal inflammations, such as arthritis.

A

Salicylate-containgin anti-inflammatory herbs

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19
Q

This class of anti-inflammatory herbs will help reduce inflammation of autoimmune origin

A

Plants containing steriod precursors

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20
Q

This class of anti-inflammatoris are especially useful for digestive system inflammations when taken by mouth, for respiratory problems when inhaled in some form and for skin inflammations when used topically.

A

Essential oil-rich plants

21
Q

This class of anti-inflammatory herbs reduce inflammation in some areas of the body, but often cause inflammation in the stomach. But they are irreplaceable for some arthritic conditions.

A

Resin-containing plants

22
Q

Herbs with this herbal action help the body destroy or resist pathogenic migroorganisms in some way.

A

Antimicrobial

23
Q

Herbs with this herbal action support the immune process, augmenting the integrity of the individual’s own defense system.

A

Antimicrobial

24
Q

How to herbs with antimicrobial actions work within the body? (list 3)

A

1) Direct interactions with pathogen
2) Mediated via the herb’s interaction with the immune response
3) Indirect actions by stimulating immune response

25
Q

These herbs have a antimicrobial action which directly interferes with a pathogen’s metabolism - thus killing it (list four)

A

1) Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree)
2) Allium sativum
3) Thymus vulgaris
4) Eucalyptus

26
Q

This herb has antimicrobial actions that stimulate the body’s own immune response

A

Echinacea

27
Q

This herb has antimicrobial actions that block the adhesion of uropathogenic E. coli to the walls of the bladder (offering a useful treatment for cystitis)

A

Vaccinum macrocarbon

28
Q

Herbs with this herbal action improve quality of life for patients with rheumatic problems

A

Antirheumatic

29
Q

Herbs with this herbal action help prevent or ease spasms or cramps in the muscles

A

Antispasmodic

30
Q

Herbs with this herbal action reduce muscular tension in the body

A

Antispasmodics

31
Q

Herbs with this herbal action often are also nervines and, as such, will sometimes ease psychological tension

A

Antispasmodic

32
Q

Herbs with this herbal action relax the autonomic nervous system, but not necessarily the central nervous system

A

Antispasmodic

33
Q

Herbs with this herbal action facilitate physical relaxation of muscles without necessarily causing a sedative effect

A

Antispasmodic

34
Q

When antispasmodics are needed in the intestinal tract (colic), what herbal action will usually suffice?

A

Carminitive

35
Q

In the respiratory system, what herbal action may have a local antispasmodic effect (but also may have a broader effect upon the body)?

A

Expectorants

36
Q

Herbs with this herbal action cause a tightening of tissues

A

Astringent

37
Q

What is the main constituent of astringents?

A

Tannins

38
Q

What does one have to keep in mind when making an herbal medicine containing astringents?

A

Tannins, the main constituent, interacts with alkaloids and will create precipitates with herbs high in alkaloids

39
Q

What are therapeutic benefits of tannins? (list 3)

A

1) Reduce irritation on the surface of tissues through a sort of numbing action
2) reduce surface inflammation
3) Create a barrier against infection, which is of great help for wounds and burns

40
Q

Herbs with this herbal action are of great importance in wound healing and conditions of the digestive system

A

Astringents

41
Q

What do astringents do in the gut? (list 3)

A

1) Reduce inflammation
2) Improve symptoms of diarrhea
3) Widely used in various digestive diseases

42
Q

What will long term use of astringents cause?

A

Can be deleterious to health and eventually inhibit proper food absorption across the gut wall

43
Q

Herbs with this herbal action are of major importance to the digestive system and the rest of the body. They have broad effects on tone and function

A

Bitters

44
Q

Herbs with this herbal action play a major role in holistic herbal treatment and especially preventative herbal medicine because they have a wide effect on the body’s physiology and the help enormously in treating the body as an integrated whole.

A

Bitters

45
Q

What constituents contribute to bitters?

A

Monoterpenes, iridoids, sesquiterpenes and alkaloids

46
Q

What are some actions of bitters? (list five)

A

1) Stimulate appetite
2) Stimulate release of digestive juices from pancreas, duodenum and liver
3) Aid the liver in detoxification work and increase the flow of bile
4) Help regulates secretion of pancreatic hormones that regulate blood sugar, insulin and glucagon
5) Help the gut wall repair damage by stimulating self-repair mechanisms

47
Q

What are some broad effects of bitters? (list 3)

A

1) Supporting the healthy activity of the heart and circulation in general
2) Potentially some antidepressant actions - especially after viral infection
3) General tonic effect on consciousness (Artemisia vulgaris and Gentiana lutea)

48
Q

What are some contraindications of bitters? (list 8)

A

1) Pregnancy
2) Kidney stones
3) GB disease
4) Dysmenorrhea
5) Gastroesophageal reflux disease
6) Hiatus hernia
7) Gastritis
8) peptic ulcer

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