Trades Flashcards
Drip edge nail and overlap spacing
12” between nails and a 2” overlap
Ice guard has to be how many inches from the outside wall?
24”
How many nails per roof tile?
1
Astragal stop is what?
The middle trim of a French door
What is the minimum number of hinges for external doors?
3
How do you determine the swing of a door?
Put your back to the hinges and determine which hand opens the door. That is the swing of the door.
What are the egress window requirements?
- Sill height must be 44” or less from the floor
- At least a 24” high opening
- At least a 20” wide opening
- Unblocked open area no less than 5 sq. feet for ground floor and 5.7 square feet for non-ground floor
What are the habitable room window requirements?
At least 8% of the square footage of the room in window glass and 1/2 of it must be open to outdoor air
How many studs do you need in the corners?
3
What are the wall sheathing nail spacing requirements?
6” on the edge and 12” in the field
Are #3 studs okay to use?
Yes
What is let in bracing?
It is where you notch out the studs and plates to accommodate diagonal braces
When do “I” joists require web stiffeners on both sides?
When there is a bearing wall on top of them
What thickness do LVLs normally come in?
1 3/4”
What spacing all around should sheathing and sub floor have?
1/8”
Saw dust piles indicate what insect?
Carpenter ants
Subterranean termites account for what percentage of damage?
95%
Lumber is considered green when the moisture content is greater than______%
19%
What does “MC” stand for?
Moisture Content
What are the characteristics of quarter sawing lumber?
It has a low tendency to warp, shrink and swell
What are the characteristics of flat sawing lumber?
Produces wider boards but are likely to shrink and warp
What is the maximum back fill around existing trees?
1 foot
What part of the tree helps it grow and absorb nutrients?
Cambium
For air entrained concrete what type of floats must be used?
Aluminum or magnesium
What are the concrete jointing requirements?
Use a 3/4” jointing tool and make the cuts at least 1 1/4” deep or 25% of the concrete thickness
When can you edge/joint concrete?
When the sheen has left the concrete
What is the second step in finishing concrete once there is no visible water?
Bull Floating
What is the first step in finishing concrete?
Screeding
What is the minimum basement slab thickness?
3 1/2”
How often must you add reinforcement to block walls?
Every other course
What must be installed prior to damp proofing block walls?
A cement/sand mixture called parging
Are 3 core or 2 core stretcher blocks stronger?
2 core
How soon after waterproofing can you back fill?
48 hours
What equipment do you use to back fill?
Gradeall
What are the wood beam (girder) clearance/requirements for concrete walls?
1/2” on sides and ends
4” minimum bearing
Must have an asphalt bearing pad
What should you use to strip wood concrete forms instead of metal pry bars?
Wood wedges
Where does the base flashing for brick go?
Below the first brick above grade with a 1” gap behind the brick
What are the perimeter drain requirements?
4” pipe with sock
Rest on 2” of gravel
6” of stone on top
12” of stone out from footing
Comes through the footing via a bleeder
Do spread footings have keyways?
Yes
What is the swell factor for dirt in a dump truck?
30% - 40%
What stockpiles topsoil for the future?
Bulldozer or front end loader
Dirt that has been dug out is called what?
Spoils
What is the compaction for sand?
95%
What is the compaction for gravel?
98%
What are batter boards used for?
Helping find the corners
What is a transit used for?
Measuring horizontal and vertical angles as well as checking for plumb
A builder’s level is also called a ______?
Dumpy level
What do you add to concrete to reduce the impact of impact loads?
Fiber
How many inches of concrete need to be around rebar in footings?
3”
How many inches of concrete need to be around rebar in walls and slabs?
3/4”
What is use to fix horizontal cracks in concrete?
Epoxy
What expands when mixed with water and hardens within minutes?
Hydraulic Cement
What type or cement is used for residential purposes?
Type 1
What is the chemical reaction that occurs when water combines with cement causing heat as it cures?
Hydration
How often must pump jacks be anchored to the structure?
Every 10 feet
What is the maximum pole height for pump jacks?
30 feet
What is the required ladder angle/ratio?
75°
or
4 to 1
What is the maximum air hose length
100 feet
What PSI do standard pneumatic nailers and staplers operate on?
60 - 120 psi
What is the most common injury on the job site?
Back injury
What does “PASS” stand for
Pull
Aim
Squeeze
Sweep
What type of fire extinguisher is required for the job site?
ABC
Fuel can designations and requirements
Gas – RED
Diesel – GREEN
Kerosene – BLUE
Over 1 gallon requires a safety can
What scale is most common for residential prints?
1/4”
How many square feet of habitable space requires an architect?
Anything 3500 square feet or more
It is recommended to not use more than what percent of gross monthly income on housing?
25%
How many standard bricks make up a square foot?
7
What are the standard block dimensions?
8” X 16”
How do you calculate slope?
% X Distance
e.g. 6% X 25’ = 1.5’
When estimating drywall for a room do not forget to include the_____?
Ceiling
When calculating studs always add _____ for starters.
one stud
How do you calculate board feet?
(W * T * L) / 12 –> Starting with Feet
(W * T * L) / 144 –> Starting with Inches
Unemployment tax is for the first _____.
$7000
What is included in FICA tax?
Social Security –> 6.2%
Medicare –> 1.4%
What is a good quick asset ratio?
1:1
What is a good current ratio?
2:1
What do balance sheets show?
Assets, liabilities and equity
The financial condition of the company
What do income statements show?
Net profit or loss
How often must you file tax documents?
Quarterly
When must you send 1009s for sub?
By January 31st
A W-2 Employee is anyone who has _____?
Withholdings taken from their pay
What is the minimum business accounting retention requirement?
7 years
What is the minimum personal accounting retention requirement?
3 years
How do you calculate net worth?
Asssets - Liabilities
What are the two depreciation methods?
- Straight Line
- Accelerated Balance
How does the Accrual Basis accounting method work?
Revenues recorded when earned
Expenses recorded when incurred
How does the Cash Basis accounting method work?
Revenues recorded when received
Expenses recorded when paid
For lateral truss bracing you must over lap at least ____ trusses.
two trusses
What is the maximum temporary truss bracing length?
20 feet
For ground storage, how often must you block trusses?
Every 8 to 10 feet
The tolerance for trusses is _____.
1/4”
When do you need to use spreader bars for trusses?
When the trusses are over 30 feet and less than 60 feet
Concrete reaches 65% - 70% of it’s strength after how many days?
7
What do you call a short handled bull float for finishing high and low spots in concrete?
A Darby
What measures the water to cement ratio for concrete?
The Slump Test
Saw cuts in concrete must be within how many hours of pouring?
4 to 12 hours
Rebar is measured in 1/8 of an inch. So #5 rebar is _____ diameter.
5/8”
Do not drop concrete more than _____ feet while pouring.
5 feet
What do you add to concrete when you have to pump it?
Plasticizers
What do you add to concrete for severe weather?
5% - 7% air entrainment
When you are pumping concrete the most common aggregate is ______.
River Rock
Course aggregate is gennerally less than ______.
1/2”
Fine aggregate must be smaller than _______.
1/4”
What is the most common type of cement?
Type 1
What is the restricted zone for masonry walls?
The height of the wall plus 4 feet
e.g. an 8 foot wall would be a 12 foot restricted zone (8 + 4 = 12)
What is the white powder sometimes found on bricks called?
Efflorescence
What is the standard brick size?
3 1/4” X 2 1/4” X 8”
What are the most common wall blocks called?
Stretchers
What does “CMU” stand for?
Concrete Masonry Unit
When the weather is hot mortar beds should be no longer than ______.
4 feet
What temperature does it need to be to use mortar?
70°F -100°F
What is type “S” mortar used for?
For small amount of flex and used above grade
What is type “N” mortar used for?
Above grade
What is type “M” mortar used for?
Below grade
What is the ideal riser height for stairs?
7”
