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Tradecraft: Economic > Tradecraft Economics: Entrepreneurship-Kewirausahaan 2 > Flashcards

Tradecraft Economics: Entrepreneurship-Kewirausahaan 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Entrepreneur

A

Wirausaha

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2
Q

The Entrepreneurial Process: Opportunity Identification, Opportunity Emergence, Weigh Risk vs. Rewards; Opportunity Recognition, The Business Plan

A

Proses Wirausaha: Identifikasi Peluang, Muncul Peluang, Timbang Resiko vs. Imbalan; Pengakuan Peluang, Rencana Bisnis

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3
Q

How Entrepreneurs Should Think: Effectuate, Be cognitively adaptable, Learn from failure.

A

Bagaimana Pengusaha Harus Berpikir: Memengaruhi, Beradaptasi secara kognitif, Belajar dari kegagalan.

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4
Q

Role of Entrepreneurship in Economic Development

A

Peran Kewirausahaan dalam Pembangunan Ekonomi

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5
Q

New entry

A

Masukan baru

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6
Q

Resources as a Source of Competitive Advantage

A

Sumber Daya sebagai Sumber Keunggulan Kompetitif

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7
Q

Assessing the Attractiveness of a New Entry Opportunity

A

Menilai Daya Tarik Peluang Masukan Baru

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8
Q

Error of Commission

A

Kesalahan Komisi

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9
Q

Error of Ommission

A

Kesalahan Kelalaian

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10
Q

Entry Strategy: First-Mover Advantages and (Dis)Advantages

A

Strategi Masuk: Keunggulan Penggerak Pertama dan Kekurangan

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11
Q

First Mover Trade offs

A

Penggerak Pertama Pertukaran

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12
Q

Risk Reduction Strategies

A

Strategi Pengurangan Resiko

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13
Q

Problems with newness:

A

Masalah dengan hal baru:

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14
Q
  • Costs of Learning
A
  • Biaya Belajar
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15
Q
  • Role Conflict
A
  • Konflik Peran
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16
Q
  • Facilitate formal work and casual non work bonding
A
  • Memfasilitasi kerja formal dan kerja tidak mengikat
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17
Q

Bonus: forced to learn a lot first hand

A

Bonus: terpaksa banyak belajar dari tangan pertama

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18
Q

Trends

A

Tren

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19
Q

Sources of New Ideas:

A

Sumber Gagasan Baru:

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20
Q
  • Consumers
A
  • Konsumen
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21
Q
  • Existing Products or Services
A
  • Produk atau Layanan Jasa
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22
Q
  • Distribution Channels
A
  • Saluran distribusi
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23
Q
  • Federal Government
A
  • Pemerintah Federal
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24
Q
  • R&D
A
  • Litbang
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25
Q

Product Planning and Development Process

A

Perencanaan Produk dan Proses Pengembangan

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26
Q
  • Idea Stage
A
  • Tahap Ide
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27
Q
  • Concept Stage
A
  • Tahap Konsep
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28
Q
  • Product Development Stage
A
  • Tahap Pengembangan Produk
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29
Q
  • Test Marketing Stage
A
  • Uji Tahap Pemasaran
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30
Q

Business Plan is a document describing relevant internal and external elements, and strategies for starting a new venture.

A

Rencana Bisnis adalah dokumen yang menjelaskan elemen internal dan eksternal yang relevan, dan strategi untuk memulai usaha baru.

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31
Q

A business plan is valuable because it:

A

Rencana bisnis sangat berharga karena:

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32
Q
  • Helps evaluate the viability of the venture.
A
  • Membantu mengevaluasi kelangsungan hidup usaha.
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33
Q
  • Helps organize ones thoughts and plans for the organization.
A
  • Membantu mengatur pemikiran dan rencana untuk organisasi.
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34
Q
  • Help obtain financing.
A
  • Membantu mendapatkan pembiayaan.
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35
Q

Feasibility study must be completed before the business plan

A

Studi kelayakan harus diselesaikan sebelum rencana bisnis

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36
Q

Gather information using upside-down pyramid

A

Kumpulkan informasi menggunakan piramida terbalik

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37
Q

general enviromental and demographic trends

A

Tren lingkungan dan demografi umum

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38
Q

national trends in the industry

A

Tren nasional di industri ini

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39
Q

local environmental and demographic trends

A

Tren lingkungan dan demografi lokal

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40
Q

local trends for the industry

A

Tren lokal untuk industri ini

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41
Q

local competition

A

Kompetisi lokal

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42
Q

market positioning

A

posisi pasar

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43
Q

market objectives

A

Tujuan pasar

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44
Q

Why some business plans fail

A

Mengapa beberapa rencana bisnis gagal

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45
Q

Goals are unreasonable

A

Sasaran tidak masuk akal

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46
Q

Objectives are not measurable

A

Tujuan tidak terukur

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47
Q

Lack of experience in the planned business

A

Kurangnya pengalaman dalam bisnis yang direncanakan

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48
Q

No sense of potential threats or weaknesses to the business.

A

Tidak ada rasa ancaman atau kelemahan potensial untuk bisnis.

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49
Q

No customer need was established

A

Tidak ada kebutuhan pelanggan yang dikembangkan

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50
Q

Business Canvas Exercise

A

Latihan Bisnis Kanvas (Peta Alur Bisnis)

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51
Q

Key Partners

A

Mitra Utama

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52
Q

Key Activities

A

Kegiatan utama

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53
Q

Key Resources

A

Sumber kunci

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54
Q

Value Proposition

A

Nilai dari Proposisi (Rancangan Usulan)

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55
Q

Choosing a Partner

A

Memilih Mitra

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56
Q

Should have complementary skills

A

Harus memiliki keterampilan komplementer

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57
Q

What resources do they bring:

A

Sumber daya apa yang mereka bawa:

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58
Q

human: skills and knowledge

A

Manusia: keterampilan dan pengetahuan

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59
Q

social: networked

A

Sosial: berjejaring

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60
Q

financial: tangible

A

Keuangan: nyata

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61
Q

Issues with adding members

A

Masalah dengan menambahkan anggota

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62
Q

Increases Risk

A

Meningkatkan Resiko

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63
Q

-overlap of roles

A

-tumpang tindih peran

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64
Q

-different visions

A

-Pandangan yang berbeda

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65
Q

-communication issues

A

-Masalah komunikasi

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66
Q

-lack of accountability

A

-kurangnya akuntabilitas

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67
Q

3r’s for building a team relationships

A

3r untuk membangun hubungan tim

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68
Q

-friends vs. strangers

A

-mitra vs orang asing

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69
Q

rewards

A

Penghargaan

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70
Q

-intangible vs. tangible

A

-simbol vs nyata

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71
Q

–splitting the pie based on contributions, expected future contributions and opportunity costs

A
  • Membagi ‘kue’ berdasarkan kontribusi, kontribusi masa depan yang diharapkan dan biaya untuk peluang
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72
Q

-power structure and division of labor based of skill and other criteria

A
  • struktur ketenagakerjaan dan pembagian kerja berdasarkan keterampilan dan kriteria lainnya
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73
Q

Debt Financing

A

Pembiayaan Utang

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74
Q

Borrowed money

A

Meminjam uang

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75
Q

Asset Based requires collateral

A

Asset Based membutuhkan agunan

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76
Q

Repay initial plus interest

A

Bayar awal ditambah bunga

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77
Q

Equity Financing

A

Pembiayaan Ekuitas

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78
Q

Funds in exchange for ownership

A

Dana dengan imbalan kepemilikan

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79
Q

Factors affecting type of financing

A

Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi jenis pembiayaan

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80
Q
  • Availability of funds.
A
  • Tersedianya dana.
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81
Q
  • Assets of the venture.
A
  • Aset usaha.
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82
Q
  • Prevailing interest rates.
A
  • Suku bunga yang berlaku.
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83
Q

All financing requires some equity. Amount depends on size and nature of venture

A

Semua pembiayaan membutuhkan beberapa ekuitas. Jumlahnya tergantung dari ukuran dan sifat usaha

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84
Q

Internal or External Funds

A

Dana Internal atau Eksternal

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85
Q

-Length of time assets are available

A
  • Masa ketersedian aset
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86
Q

-cost of assets

A
  • biaya aset
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87
Q

-control lost

A
  • tidak ada kontrol
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88
Q

Types of Personal Funds

A

Jenis Dana Pribadi

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89
Q

reflects level of commitment

A

Mencerminkan tingkat komitmen

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90
Q

Life Savings

A

Tabungan

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91
Q

Life Insurance

A

Asuransi jiwa

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92
Q

Car/House Mortgage

A

Hipotek Mobil / Rumah

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93
Q

If Family and Friends are used…

A

Jika Keluarga dan Teman dipekerjakan …

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94
Q

Terms, conditions, and expectations must be set.

A

Syarat, kondisi, dan harapan harus ditetapkan.

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95
Q

It can be easier to get money here but they will then have a vested interest in your project.

A

Hal ini dapat lebih mudah untuk mendapatkan uang di sini tapi mereka kemudian akan memiliki kepentingan dalam proyek Anda.

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96
Q

Banks use qualitative and quantitative data.

A

Bank menggunakan data kualitatif dan kuantitatif.

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97
Q

5 C’s

A

5 C

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98
Q

Character

A

Karakter

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99
Q

Capacity

A

Kapasitas

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100
Q

Capital

A

Modal

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101
Q

Collateral

A

Jaminan

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102
Q

Conditions

A

Kondisi

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103
Q

Past financial statements and pro forma are needed.

A

Dibutuhkan Laporan keuangan masa lalu dan pro forma.

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104
Q

And they need believe the money will be paid back.

A

Dan mereka perlu percaya uang itu akan dibayar kembali.

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105
Q

Three types of funding:

A

Tiga jenis dana:

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106
Q

Early stage financing

A

Pembiayaan tahap awal

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107
Q

Development financing

A

Pembiayaan pengembangan

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108
Q

Acquisition financing

A

Pembiayaan akuisisi

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109
Q

Risk Capital Markets

A

Risiko Pasar Modal

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110
Q

Debt and equity for nonsecure financing situations

A

Hutang dan ekuitas untuk situasi pembiayaan nonsecure

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111
Q

Types of risk capital markets:

A

Jenis pasar modal berisiko:

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112
Q

-Informal risk capital market

A

-Resiko Informal pasar modal

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113
Q

–Can’t have a relationship with a business angel(distinguishing factor)

A
  • Tidak memiliki hubungan dengan bisnis malaikat (faktor pembeda)
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114
Q

-Venture-capital market

A

-pasar modal Ventura

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115
Q

-Public-equity market

A

-Public-pasar ekuitas

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116
Q

–Only for high potential companies

A
  • Hanya untuk perusahaan dengan potensi tinggi
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117
Q

Nature of Venture Capital

A

Sifat Modal Ventura

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118
Q

-long term, generally over about 5 years

A

Jangka panjang, umumnya lebih dari 5 tahun

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119
Q

-used in early stages, to revitalize or start a new growth plan, to buyout other ventures

A
  • digunakan pada tahap awal, untuk merevitalisasi atau memulai rencana pertumbuhan baru, untuk membeli usaha lain
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120
Q

-requires the venture capitalist to take equity participation

A
  • Mintalah pemodal ventura untuk mengambil penyertaan modal
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121
Q

-they makes money off the capital and debt

A

-mereka menghasilkan uang dari modal dan hutang

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122
Q

criteria for venture capitalist

A

Kriteria pemodal ventura

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123
Q

-unique positioning

A
  • posisi yang tidak biasa
124
Q

-strong management team

A

Tim manajemen yang tangguh

125
Q

-must show strong potential for capital appreciation

A
  • harus menunjukkan potensi kuat untuk apresiasi modal
126
Q

4 Stages of venture Capital Process

A

4 Tahapan Proses Modal ventura

127
Q

Preliminary screening

A

Penyaringan awal

128
Q

Agreement on principal terms

A

Perjanjian dengan persyaratan utama

129
Q

Due diligence

A

Uji kelayakan

130
Q

Final approval

A

Persetujuan akhir

131
Q

Advantages and Disadvantages of Going Public

A

Keuntungan dan Kerugian Go-Publik

132
Q

Adv.

A

Kelebihan:

133
Q

Liquidity

A

Likuiditas

134
Q

enhanced ability to raise capital

A

Meningkatkan kemampuan untuk meningkatkan modal

135
Q

prestige

A

gengsi

136
Q

Disadvantages

A

Kekurangan:

137
Q

Increased risk of Liability

A

Meningkatnya risiko pertanggungjawaban

138
Q

Loss of Control

A

Kehilangan kendali

139
Q

Information Disclosure

A

Keterbukaan Informasi

140
Q

Expense

A

Biaya

141
Q

Government Regulation

A

Peraturan Pemerintah

142
Q

Pressure to maintain level of growth

A

Tekanan untuk mempertahankan tingkat pertumbuhan

143
Q

Industry Analysis and Competitor Analysis

A

Analisis Industri dan Analisis Pesaing

144
Q

-knowledge of the environment that can affect marketing strategy

A

Pengetahuan tentang lingkungan yang dapat mempengaruhi strategi pemasaran

145
Q

-Document current strategies of primary competitors

A

-Dokumen strategi terkini dari pesaing utama

146
Q

-Use to decide positioning

A

-Gunakan untuk menentukan posisi

147
Q

Marketing Research

A

Riset pemasaran

148
Q

Step One: Defining the Purpose or Objectives

A

Langkah Pertama: Mendefinisikan Arah atau Tujuan

149
Q

Step Two: Gathering Data from Secondary Sources

A

Langkah Kedua: Mengumpulkan Data dari Sumber Sekunder

150
Q

Step Three: Gathering Information from Primary Sources

A

Langkah Tiga: Mengumpulkan Informasi dari Sumber Primer

151
Q

Step Four: Analyzing and Interpreting the Results

A

Langkah Empat: Menganalisis dan Menafsirkan Hasil

152
Q

Marketing plan

A

Rencana pemasaran

153
Q

A written statement of marketing objectives, strategies, and activities to be followed in business plan

A

Pernyataan tertulis tentang tujuan, strategi pemasaran, dan kegiatan yang harus diikuti dalam rencana bisnis

154
Q

Answers 3 questions

A

Jawaban 3 pertanyaan

155
Q

-Where have we been?

A

-Dimana kita pernah berada?

156
Q

-Where do we want to go (in the short term)?

A

-Kemana tujuan kita (dalam jangka pendek)?

157
Q

-How do we get there?

A

-Bagaimana kita bisa sampai di sana?

158
Q

The Marketing Mix: 4 P’s and other marketing activities needed to meet marketing objectives

A

Campuran Pemasaran: 4 P dan kegiatan pemasaran lainnya yang diperlukan untuk memenuhi tujuan pemasaran

159
Q

Considerations for Placement

A

Pertimbangan untuk Penempatan

160
Q

Directness of delivery to the consumer

A

Arah pengiriman ke konsumen

161
Q

How many different methods

A

Berapa banyak metode yang berbeda

162
Q

How many different members of a particular method

A

Berapa banyak anggota yang berbeda dengan metode tertentu

163
Q

Criteria for selecting channel members: rep and services

A

Kriteria untuk memilih kelompok anggota : rep dan service

164
Q

Different Growth Strategies

A

Strategi Pertumbuhan yang Berbeda

165
Q

Penetration: Existing Product/Existing Market

A

Penetrasi: Produk yang Ada / Pasar yang Ada

166
Q

Market Development: Existing Product/New Market (1 possiblity: perhaps a new use was discovered so new people can use it)

A

Pengembangan Pasar: Produk / Pasar Baru yang Ada (1 kemungkinan: mungkin penggunaan baru ditemukan sehingga orang baru dapat menggunakannya)

167
Q

Product Development: New Product/Existing Market (distribution systems already established and thus costs are lower)

A

Pengembangan Produk: Produk Baru / Pasar yang Ada (sistem distribusi sudah terbentuk dan dengan demikian biaya lebih rendah)

168
Q

Diversification: New Product/New Market

A

Diversifikasi: Produk Baru / Pasar Baru

169
Q

-Backward integration (closer to raw materials)

A

Integrasi-integrasi (mendekati bahan baku)

170
Q

-Forward integration

A

-Untuk integrasi

171
Q

-Horizontal Integration

A

-Integrasi horisontal

172
Q

Implications of growth

A

Implikasi pertumbuhan

173
Q

Resources stretched thin: both financial and human(employee moral/turnover and workload)

A

Sumber daya terbentang tipis: baik finansial maupun manusia (moral karyawan / omset dan beban kerja)

174
Q

Management of employees can be affected (change in style may be needed)

A

Manajemen karyawan dapat terpengaruh (perubahan gaya mungkin diperlukan)

175
Q

Entrepreneurs time stretched further over more things that require his/her attention causing problem

A

Waktu pengusaha lebih banyak dipakai untuk memberi perhatian terhadap banyak hal dan ini menimbulkan masalah

176
Q

Overcoming growth pressures on finances

A

Mengatasi tekanan pertumbuhan keuangan

177
Q

-expensive to raise new fund

A

Murah untuk mengumpulkan dana baru

178
Q

-to minimize need for new funds more carefully manage old funds

A
  • Untuk meminimalkan kebutuhan dana baru lebih hati-hati mengelola dana lama
179
Q

–Cash Flow, inventory, fixed assets, costs and profits, taxes, record keeping

A

–Cash Flow, inventaris, aset tetap, biaya dan keuntungan, pajak, pencatatan

180
Q

Using External Parties to Help Grow a Business

A

Menggunakan Pihak Eksternal untuk Membantu Menumbuhkan Bisnis

181
Q
  • Franchising
A
  • Waralaba
182
Q
  • Joint ventures
A
  • Usaha bersama
183
Q
  • Acquisitions
A
  • Akuisisi
184
Q
  • Mergers
A
  • Merger
185
Q

Overcoming growth pressures on Human Resource

A

Mengatasi tekanan pertumbuhan Sumber Daya Manusia

186
Q

-Use PEO’s

A

-Gunakan PEO’s

187
Q

-Decisions regarding the proportion of permanent employees to part time

A
  • Keputusan mengenai proporsi karyawan tetap sampai paruh waktu
188
Q

-Constant feedback to employees with proposed solutions

A
  • Umpan balik langsung kepada karyawan dengan solusi yang diajukan
189
Q

-A more participative style of management

A
  • Gaya manajemen yang lebih partisipatif
190
Q

-Maintain Corporate Culture despite influx of new employees

A

-Menjaga Budaya Perusahaan meskipun banyak masuk karyawan baru

191
Q

Pay-off Rapid Growth

A

Pay-off Rapid Growth

192
Q

Can’t growth too fast or it will hurt the venture

A

Tidak bisa tumbuh terlalu cepat atau akan merugikan usaha

193
Q

§ Broadening beyond natural market segments

A

§ Memperluas melampaui segmen pasar alami

194
Q

§ Prematurely targeting mainstream customers

A

§ Memprioritaskan konsumen utama secara prematur

195
Q

§ Rising CAC (customer acquisition cost)

A

§ Meningkatnya CAC (biaya akuisisi pelanggan)

196
Q

§ Price and promotion battles

A

§ Pertarungan harga dan promosi

197
Q

§ Scalability constraints

A

§ Kendala skalabilitas

198
Q

Reasons to grow fast:

A

Alasan untuk tumbuh cepat:

199
Q

Increase production to allows lower costs to increase demand

A

Meningkatkan produksi untuk memungkinkan biaya yang lebih rendah untuk meningkatkan permintaan

200
Q

Crossing the Chasm

A

Melintasi Kesenjangan

201
Q

Considerations for entering a different country

A

Pertimbangan untuk memasuki negara yang berbeda

202
Q
  • Economic Development
A
  • Pertumbuhan ekonomi
203
Q
  • Political-Legal Environment
A
  • Lingkungan Politik-Hukum
204
Q
  • Culture
A
  • Budaya
205
Q

Economic Development:

A

Pertumbuhan ekonomi:

206
Q
  • Fundamental infrastructures.
A
  • Infrastruktur dasar.
207
Q
  • Banking facilities and systems.
A
  • Fasilitas dan sistem perbankan.
208
Q
  • Educational systems.
A
  • Sistem pendidikan.
209
Q
  • Legal system.
A
  • Sistem yang legal.
210
Q
  • Business ethics and norms.
A
  • Etika bisnis dan norma.
211
Q

Political-Legal Environment

A

Lingkungan Politik-Hukum

212
Q

Culture

A

Budaya

213
Q

Religion

A

Agama

214
Q

Political philosophy

A

Filsafat politik

215
Q

Language

A

Bahasa

216
Q

Economics and Economic Philosophy

A

Filsafat Ekonomi dan Ekonomi

217
Q

Education

A

Pendidikan

218
Q

Manners and Customs

A

Tata cara dan Bea Cukai

219
Q

Social Structure

A

Tatanan sosial

220
Q

Foreign Market Selection: Five Step Approach

A

Seleksi Pasar Luar Negeri: Pendekatan Lima Langkah

221
Q

Methods for Global Entry

A

Metode untuk masuk secara global

222
Q

Barriers to International Trade

A

Hambatan untuk Perdagangan Internasional

223
Q

Case Criteria

A

Kriteria kasus

224
Q

Problem Identification

A

Masalah identifikasi

225
Q

Solutions

A

Solusi

226
Q

Recommendation

A

Rekomendasi

227
Q

Implementation

A

Pelaksanaan

228
Q

GATT (general agreement on tariffs and trade)

A

GATT (kesepakatan umum tentang tarif dan perdagangan)

229
Q

Trade Blocs and Free Trade Areas

A

Blok Perdagangan dan Kawasan Perdagangan Bebas

230
Q

Export

A

Ekspor

231
Q

Franchising

A

Waralaba

232
Q

TurnKey

A

proyek terima jadi

233
Q

Management Contracts

A

Kontrak Manajemen

234
Q

Direct Foreign investment

A

Investasi asing langsung

235
Q

-Joint Ventures

A

-Usaha bersama

236
Q

-Minority or Majority Interests

A

Minat atau Minat Mayoritas

237
Q

-Different Kind of Mergers

A

-Berbagai Jenis Merger

238
Q

Find a foreign entrepreneur with whom to partner

A

Cari wiraswasta asing untuk bermitra

239
Q

Develop appropriate indicators.

A

Kembangkan indikator yang tepat.

240
Q

Collect data and convert into comparable indicators.

A

Kumpulkan data dan ubah menjadi indikator yang sebanding.

241
Q

Establish an appropriate weight for each indicator.

A

Tetapkan bobot yang sesuai untuk setiap indikator.

242
Q

Analyze the data.

A

Analisis data.

243
Q

Select the appropriate market from the market rankings.

A

Pilih pasar yang sesuai dari peringkat pasar.

244
Q

Operating risk.

A

Risiko operasi.

245
Q

Transfer risk.

A

Alihkan resiko.

246
Q

Ownership risk .

A

Resiko kepemilikan

247
Q

Conflict and changes in the solvency of the country.

A

Konflik dan perubahan dalam solvabilitas negara

248
Q

Innovation is depicted as a key to economic development.

A

Inovasi digambarkan sebagai kunci perkembangan ekonomi.

249
Q

Product-evolution process: Process through which innovation is developed and commercialized.

A

Proses evolusi produk: Proses dimana inovasi dikembangkan dan dikomersialisasikan.

250
Q

Iterative synthesis: The intersection of knowledge and social need that starts the product development process.

A

Iteratif sintesis: Persimpangan pengetahuan dan kebutuhan sosial yang memulai proses pengembangan produk.

251
Q

Offering a new product for an established or new market.

A

Menawarkan produk baru untuk pasar yang sudah mapan atau baru.

252
Q

Offering an established product to an old market.

A

Menawarkan produk yang mapan ke pasar lama.

253
Q

Creating a new organization.

A

Membuat organisasi baru.

254
Q

Resources must be:

A

Sumber daya harus:

255
Q

Valuable

A

Berharga

256
Q

Rare

A

Langka

257
Q

Inimitable

A

Yg tak ada bandingannya

258
Q

Non Substitutable

A

Tidak bisa diganti

259
Q

Sources:

A

Sumber:

260
Q

Unique Experiences and Knowledge

A

Pengalaman dan Pengetahuan Unik

261
Q

Market Knowledge

A

Pengetahuan Pasar

262
Q

Technological Knowledge

A

Pengetahuan Teknologi

263
Q

Depends on the level of information and the willingness to make a decision without perfect information.

A

Bergantung pada tingkat informasi dan kemauan untuk membuat keputusan tanpa informasi yang sempurna.

264
Q

The viability of a new entry can be described in terms of a window of opportunity.

A

Kelangsungan hidup sebuah entri baru dapat dijelaskan dari segi besarnya peluang.

265
Q

Negative outcome from acting on the perceived opportunity.

A

Hasil negatif dari tindakan pada peluang yang dirasakan.

266
Q

Negative outcome from not acting on the new entry opportunity.

A

Hasil negatif dari tidak bekerjanya peluang entri baru.

267
Q

Advantages:

A

Keuntungan:

268
Q

Less Competition

A

Kurang kompetisi

269
Q

Cost Advantages

A

Keuntungan Biaya

270
Q

Secure suppliers and distributers,

A

Pemasok dan distributor yang aman,

271
Q

Position to satisfy Customers is better

A

Posisi untuk memuaskan pelanggan lebih baik

272
Q

Expertise through participation

A

Keahlian melalui partisipasi

273
Q

Disadvantages:

A

Kekurangan:

274
Q

Must learn success factors

A

Harus belajar faktor kesuksesan

275
Q

Common Environmental changes

A

Perubahan lingkungan yang umum

276
Q

Demand Uncertainty

A

Ketidakpastian Permintaan

277
Q

Customer Uncertainty

A

Ketidakpastian Pelanggan

278
Q

Lead time

A

Lead time

279
Q
  • Building customer loyalties.
A
  • Membangun loyalitas pelanggan.
280
Q
  • Building switching costs.
A
  • Membangun biaya switching.
281
Q
  • Protecting product uniqueness.
A
  • Melindungi keunikan produk.
282
Q
  • Securing access to important sources of supply and distribution.
A
  • Mengamankan akses ke sumber pasokan dan distribusi yang penting.
283
Q

Market Scope Strategy

A

Strategi Lingkup Pasar

284
Q

-Narrow-scope strategy: small product range to a small number of customer groups to satisfy a particular need : High-end of the market represents a highly profitable niche and leads to specialization.

A

-Layanan lingkup kecil: rangkaian produk kecil ke sejumlah kecil kelompok pelanggan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan tertentu: High-end pasar merupakan ceruk yang sangat menguntungkan dan mengarah pada spesialisasi.

285
Q

Imitation Strategy

A

Strategi Imitasi

286
Q
  • franchising
A
  • waralaba
287
Q
  • me-too
A
  • ‘saya juga’
288
Q
  • adds legitimacy
A
  • menambahkan legitimasi
289
Q
  • reduce customer uncertainty and R&D
A
  • mengurangi ketidakpastian pelanggan dan litbang
290
Q

Market Scope Strategy

A

Strategi Lingkup Pasar

291
Q
  • Broad Scope Strategy: a range of products across many different market segments : Reduces risks with market uncertainties but increases exposure to competition.
A
  • Strategi Lingkup Luas: berbagai produk di berbagai segmen pasar: Mengurangi risiko dengan ketidakpastian pasar namun meningkatkan eksposur terhadap persaingan.
292
Q

Try to catch a new trend that will be in existence for a long time

A

Cobalah untuk menangkap tren baru yang akan ada dalam waktu lama

293
Q

A business plan addresses short term an long term decision that will be made in the first 3 years.

A

Sebuah rencana bisnis membahas keputusan jangka panjang jangka pendek yang akan dibuat dalam 3 tahun pertama.

294
Q

Feasibility study sets feasible goals, marketing strategy, financing, and production

A

Studi kelayakan menetapkan tujuan, strategi pemasaran, pembiayaan, dan produksi yang layak

295
Q

4 P’s:

A

4 P:

296
Q

Price

A

Harga

297
Q

Product

A

Produk

298
Q

Promotion

A

Promosi

299
Q

Placement

A

Penempatan

300
Q

Early adopter may not be the market you want to hit. Isolate the group you’ve decided you now want to target with a concentrated marketing mix.

A

Pengadopsi awal mungkin bukan pasar yang ingin Anda masuki. Kelompokkan grup yang telah Anda putuskan Anda sekarang ingin sasar dengan campuran pemasaran yang terkonsentrasi.

301
Q

Reasons to grow fast:

A

Alasan untuk tumbuh cepat:

302
Q

Switching Costs: Acquire customers fast when the switching cost is high

A

Biaya Pengalihan: Memperoleh pelanggan dengan cepat saat biaya peralihan tinggi

303
Q

Defensive Reasons vs Offensive Reasons

A

Alasan Defensif vs. Alasan Ofensif

304
Q
  • Survivial Requirment (loss of raw materials
A
  • Kebutuhan bertahan hidup (kehilangan bahan baku
305
Q
  • Protection Against (market infringement)
A
  • Perlindungan Terhadap (pelanggaran pasar)
306
Q
  • Diversification
A
  • Diversifikasi
307
Q
  • Gains in (Market Position)
A
  • Keuntungan di (Posisi Pasar)

Tradecraft: Economic (21 decks)

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