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Clinical Chemistry > Trace Elements > Flashcards

Trace Elements Flashcards

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1
Q

Trace elements consist of metals except ________, and the halogens, ________, and _______.

A

selenium
fluoride, iodine

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2
Q

Trace elements have a specific _____ metabolic functions that cannot be effective performed by other similar elements.

A

in vivo

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3
Q

Samples used in trace elements.

A

whole blood
serum
plasma
urine
hair
nails

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4
Q

Most widely used method.

A

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS)

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5
Q

Other methods

A

Graphite Furnace AAS
Flame AAS
Atomic Emission Spectrometry
Neutron Activation Analysis
Inductively Coupled Plasma/Mass Spectroscopy (ICP/MS)

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6
Q

Reference method for zinc

A

Inductively Coupled Plasma/Mass Spectroscopy (ICP/MS)

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7
Q

Interference

A

Hemolysis

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8
Q

Concentration in tissue

A

<1 ug/g of wet tissue,
<0.01% of dry body weight

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9
Q

Enhances insulin action; for glucose and lipid metabolism

A

Chromium III

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10
Q

Deficiency in chromium III

A

insulin resistance
impaired glucose tolerance (type 2 DM)
hyperlipidemia

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11
Q

Hemoglobin synthesis, component of vitamin B12.

A

Cobalt

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12
Q

Deficiency in cobalt

A

Anemia
Growth depression

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13
Q

Cellular respiration and collagen synthesis.

A

Copper

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14
Q

Deficiency in copper

A

Menkes’ kinky hair syndrome (mutations in the ATP7B and ATP7A genes)
Muscle weakness

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15
Q

Prevents dental caries

A

Fluorine

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16
Q

Deficiency in fluorine

A

Dental caries

17
Q

Thyroid hormone synthesis

A

Iodine

18
Q

Deficiency in iodine

A

Goiter
Hypothyroidism
Cretinism
Myxedema

19
Q

Oxygen transport and component of hemoglobin.

A

Iron

20
Q

Deficiency in iron

A

Anemia

21
Q

Bone and connective tissue function.

A

Manganese

22
Q

Deficiency in manganese

A

Skeletal defects

23
Q

DNA metabolism

A

Molybdenum

24
Q

Deficiency in molybdenum

A

Growth depression
Cretinism
Goiter

25
Q

Prevents oxidative damage of lipid Dene Expression

A

Selenium

26
Q

Deficiency in selenium

A

Keshan disease

27
Q

Protein synthesis
Gene expression

A

Zinc

28
Q

Deficiency in zinc

A

Acrodermatitis enteropathica
Growth retardation
Immune deficiency
Infertility
Delayed wound healing
Osteoporosis
Alcohol abuse
Hypogonadism

29
Q

Chromium III toxicity

A

Skin ulcers
Renal and hepatic necrosis

30
Q

Cobalt toxicity

A

Neurologic deficits
Heart failure
Hypothyroidism

31
Q

Copper toxicity

A

Interferes with absorption of iron and zinc

32
Q

Fluorine toxicity

A

Mottled enamel

33
Q

Iodine toxicity

A

Thyrotoxicosis

34
Q

Iron toxicity

A

Hemochromatosis

35
Q

Manganese toxicity

A

Psychiatric disorders
Manganism
(resembling
Parkinson’s disease)
Deposition

36
Q

Molybdenum toxicity

A

Anemia
Thyrotoxicosis

37
Q

Selenium toxicity

A

Hair and nail loss
Liver failure
Garlic breath

38
Q

Zinc toxicity

A

Gastrointestinal irritation

Clinical Chemistry (2 decks)

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