Trace Elements

Question 1

Trace elements consist of metals except ________, and the halogens, ________, and _______.

Answer 1

selenium
fluoride, iodine

Question 2

Trace elements have a specific _____ metabolic functions that cannot be effective performed by other similar elements.

Answer 2

in vivo

Question 3

Samples used in trace elements.

Answer 3

whole blood
serum
plasma
urine
hair
nails

Question 4

Most widely used method.

Answer 4

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS)

Question 5

Other methods

Answer 5

Graphite Furnace AAS
Flame AAS
Atomic Emission Spectrometry
Neutron Activation Analysis
Inductively Coupled Plasma/Mass Spectroscopy (ICP/MS)

Question 6

Reference method for zinc

Answer 6

Inductively Coupled Plasma/Mass Spectroscopy (ICP/MS)

Question 7

Interference

Answer 7

Hemolysis

Question 8

Concentration in tissue

Answer 8

<1 ug/g of wet tissue,
<0.01% of dry body weight

Question 9

Enhances insulin action; for glucose and lipid metabolism

Answer 9

Chromium III

Question 10

Deficiency in chromium III

Answer 10

insulin resistance
impaired glucose tolerance (type 2 DM)
hyperlipidemia

Question 11

Hemoglobin synthesis, component of vitamin B12.

Answer 11

Cobalt

Question 12

Deficiency in cobalt

Answer 12

Anemia
Growth depression

Question 13

Cellular respiration and collagen synthesis.

Answer 13

Copper

Question 14

Deficiency in copper

Answer 14

Menkes’ kinky hair syndrome (mutations in the ATP7B and ATP7A genes)
Muscle weakness

Question 15

Prevents dental caries

Answer 15

Fluorine

Question 16

Deficiency in fluorine

Answer 16

Dental caries

Question 17

Thyroid hormone synthesis

Answer 17

Iodine

Question 18

Deficiency in iodine

Answer 18

Goiter
Hypothyroidism
Cretinism
Myxedema

Question 19

Oxygen transport and component of hemoglobin.

Answer 19

Iron

Question 20

Deficiency in iron

Answer 20

Anemia

Question 21

Bone and connective tissue function.

Answer 21

Manganese

Question 22

Deficiency in manganese

Answer 22

Skeletal defects

Question 23

DNA metabolism

Answer 23

Molybdenum

Question 24

Deficiency in molybdenum

Answer 24

Growth depression
Cretinism
Goiter

Question 25

Prevents oxidative damage of lipid Dene Expression

Answer 25

Selenium

Question 26

Deficiency in selenium

Answer 26

Keshan disease

Question 27

Protein synthesis Gene expression

Answer 27

Zinc

Question 28

Deficiency in zinc

Answer 28

Acrodermatitis enteropathica Growth retardation Immune deficiency Infertility Delayed wound healing Osteoporosis Alcohol abuse Hypogonadism

Question 29

Chromium III toxicity

Answer 29

Skin ulcers Renal and hepatic necrosis

Question 30

Cobalt toxicity

Answer 30

Neurologic deficits Heart failure Hypothyroidism

Question 31

Copper toxicity

Answer 31

Interferes with absorption of iron and zinc

Question 32

Fluorine toxicity

Answer 32

Mottled enamel

Question 33

Iodine toxicity

Answer 33

Thyrotoxicosis

Question 34

Iron toxicity

Answer 34

Hemochromatosis

Question 35

Manganese toxicity

Answer 35

Psychiatric disorders Manganism (resembling Parkinson’s disease) Deposition

Question 36

Molybdenum toxicity

Answer 36

Anemia Thyrotoxicosis

Question 37

Selenium toxicity

Answer 37

Hair and nail loss Liver failure Garlic breath

Question 38

Zinc toxicity

Answer 38

Gastrointestinal irritation