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TRA-RENAL Flashcards

1
Q

Normal Sodium Value(Na)

A

135-145 mEq/L

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2
Q

Causes movement of water from cells into the extracellular fluid

A

Hypertonic

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3
Q

Causes the movement of water into cells by osmosis

A

Hypotonic

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4
Q

Causes the movement of water

A

Osmosis

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5
Q

More concentrated solutions and have a higher osmolality than body fluids

A

Hypertonic

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6
Q

More dilute solutions and have a lower osmolality than body fluids

A

Hypotonic

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7
Q

Cause cellular dehydration/shrinkage

A

Hypertonic

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8
Q

Causes cellular edema

A

Hypotonic

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9
Q

Have the same osmolality as body fluids

A

Isotonic

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10
Q

Refills the intravascular space.

A

Isotonic

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11
Q

Water loss = Electrolyte loss give what solution?

A

Isotonic

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12
Q

Water loss > Electrolyte loss give what solution?

A

Hypotonic

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13
Q

Water loss < Electrolyte loss give what solution?

A

Hypertonic

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14
Q

Loop and Thiazide Diuretics (U-K-Na-Mg)

A

Up Uric Acid
K⇩
Na⇩
Mg⇩

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15
Q

Potassium Normal value

A

(Pota-Arte) 3.5-5 mEq/L

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16
Q

ECG Changes: Hypokalemia

A

HypUkalemia=U wave
DepreST= ST Depression
FlaT= Flat T wave

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17
Q

ECG Changes: Hyperkalemia

A

Wide= Wide QRS
PRolonged= Prolonged PR interval
Tall = Tall T wave
but Plat= Flat P wave

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18
Q

Hyperkalemia: Medication
Do-It-So-Client-Survives

A

Diuretics-Loop (Furosemide)
Insulin w/ Dextrose
Salbutamol(Adrenergic)
Ca Gluconate
Sodium Polystyrene (Kayexalate)

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19
Q

Calcium Normal value

A

(Call 911) 9-11 mg/dL

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20
Q

ECG Changes: Hypocalcemia

A

“Hypolonged ST QT”
- Prolonged ST
- Prolonged QT

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21
Q

ECG Changes: Hypercalcemia

A

“ShorT & Wide”
- Short ST
- Wide T

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22
Q

Magnesium Normal Value

A

(Mag-Isa) 1.5-2.5 mEq/L

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23
Q

ECG Changes: Hypomagnesemia

A

“Tall but depreST”
- Tall T wave
- Depressed ST

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24
Q

ECG Changes: Hypermagnesemia

A

“HyPRolongand wide QRS”
- Prolonged PR
- Wide QRS

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25
Phosphorus Normal Value
(Pangalawa) 2.5-4.5 mg/dL
26
PCO2 or HCO3 is within normal range
Uncompensated
27
pH is normal
Fully Compensated
28
ALL abnormal (ph,PCO2, HCO3)
Partially Compensated
29
ABG Analysis: pH –7.43, PCO2 -49, HCO3 –29
Metabolic Alkalosis; Fully Compensated
30
ABG Analysis: pH –7.32, PCO2 –36, HCO3 –20
Metabolic Acidosis; Uncompensated
31
ABG Analysis: pH –7.30, PCO2 -48, HCO3 –30
Respiratory Acidosis; Partially Compensated
32
ABG Analysis: pH: 7.19, CO2: 52, HCO3: 26
Respiratory Acidosis; Uncompensated
33
It is the sudden or Progressive loss of kidney function and reversible
Acute Kidney Injury/Acute Renal Failure
34
Causes decrease blood flow to the kidneys
Prerenal
35
Causes damage to the kidneys
Intrarenal/Intrinsic
36
Causes Obstruction of urine
Postrenal
37
4 Phases of AKI
Onset/Initiation Oliguric phase (8-15 days) Diuretic phase (4-5L.day) Recovery/Convalescent (1-2 years)
38
Start of injury "ASYMPTOMATIC"
Onset/Initiation
39
"CLASSIC" G--F--R -↓GFR-↓Removal -↓Froduction of Calcitriol (Vit D) -↓Reabsorption of HCO3
Oliguric phase (8-15 days)
40
In Acute Kidney Injury what laboratory value is check if there is ↓GFR or ↓Removal?
↑BUN and ↑Createnine
41
What is the most severe complication of AKI?
Renal Encephalopathy
42
If there is ↑BUN ↑Creatinine what signs and symptoms manifest?
Uremia & Azotemia
43
What is the earliest sign you watch out for if the patient is having renal encephalopathy?
Altered Level of Consciousness
44
What is the earliest sign of AKI?
Polyuria
45
In AKI decrease Froduction of Calcitriol leads to?
Hypocalcemia(weak bones)
46
In AKI decrease Absorption of HCO3 leads to?
Metabolic Acidosis
47
What type of fracture arise if patient is hypocalcemic?
Pathologic Fracture
48
In AKI decrease Erythropoietin leads to ?
Anemia
49
Hyperkalemia: “Do It So Client Survives"
* Diuretics -Loop * Insulin w/ Dextrose * Salbutamol * Ca Gluconate * Sodium Polystyrene
50
Management for Hypermagnesemia
Calcium gluconate
51
Management for Hyperphosphatemia
Aluminum hydroxide(amPHOjel)
52
Management for Metabolic Acidosis
Sodium bicarbonate
53
Management for ANEMIA
Epoetin alfa
54
Diet for Uremia and Azotemia
Low Protein, High Carbs
54
Management for Hypocalcemia Hypocalcemia
Calcium Based: Calcium Gluconate
54
Nephritic Syndrome
Glomerulonephritis
54
Inflammation of Glomerulus
Glomerulonephritis
54
-↑GFR-↑Removal -↑Froduction of Calcitriol (Vit D) -↑Reabsorption of HCO3
Diuretic phase (4-5L.day)
55
Normal Value/Phase of AKI
Recovery/Convalescent (1-2 years)
55
What is the important indicator for Glomerulonephritis
INFECTION -Throat (2 weeks prior) -Skin (3-6 weeks prior)
55
Triggering Agent for Glomerulonephritis
Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococci (GABHS)
56
Glomerulonephritis S/S?
Proteinuria, Hematuria, Oliguria, Edema, Hyperlipidemia, Hypertension
57
Drug of Choice of Glomerulonephritis
Corticosteroids (Prednisone) Diuretics Ace Inhibitor (Captopril)
58
Frothy/Foamy Urine
Proteinuria
59
Dark Urine
Hematuria
60
Increase Calcium Phosphate, Oxalate, and Purine in the body leads to?
Renal Calculi
61
In Patient with Renal Calculi experiencing U-ti what type of stone is present?
str-U-vite stone
62
Deep/dull pain located at Flank CostoVertebral Angle(CVA) radiates to umbilicus
Renal colic/Nephroliathiasis
63
Sharp,colicky/wavelike pain located at flank radiates to genitals and thigh
Ureteral colic/Ureterolithiasis
64
Most common complication of Renal Calculi?
UTI
65
Most serious complication of Renal Calculi?
Post Renal Failure
66
Management for Renal Calculi
Increase OFI, Frequent Ambulation, Frequent Turning
67
Dietary Management for Renal Calculi?
Low Purine(Uric Acid) Low Calcium(Phospate) Low Oxalate(Oxalate)
68
In patient with Renal Calculi what food should the patient avoid?
-Organ meat, shellfish -Milk, Dairy, Sodium, Protein -Black/Dark, Roots, Nuts, Soy, Grains -Rhubarb,Beets,Tofu
69
Best PARAMETER measuring Fluid Volume Excess and Fluid Volume Deficit
Monitor Body Weight (Daily) 1kg=1L
70
DIRECT/INVERSE: Sodium(Na)=Concentration(BP)
DIRECT
71
DIRECT/INVERSE: Sodium(Na)=Water(h2o)
DIRECT
72
DIRECT/INVERSE: Water(h2o)=Sodium(Na)
INVERSE
73
DIRECT/INVERSE: Potassium(K)=Muscle & GIT
DIRECT
74
DIRECT/INVERSE: Potassium(K)=Cardiac
INVERSE-Cardiac Arrhythmia (Low Reading)
75
DIRECT/INVERSE: Calcium(Ca)=Muscle & GIT
INVERSE
76
DIRECT/INVERSE: Calcium(Ca)=Cardiac
DIRECT
77
Calcium(Ca) in the Bones to Blood
Hypercalcemia
78
Calcium(Ca) in the Blood to Bones
Hypocalcemia
79
Hypocalcemia/Hypercalcemia: TwiTChing SpaSm
Hypocalcemia
80
TwiTChing SpaSm
Tetany Trousseau's Chvostek's Spasm Seizure
81
DIRECT/INVERSE: Magnesium(Mg)=Cardiac
(Mag-baliktaran) INVERSE
82
DIRECT/INVERSE: Magnesium(Mg)= Muscle & GIT
(Mag-baliktaran) INVERSE
83
DIRECT/INVERSE: Phosphorus(P)=Muscle
DIRECT
84
Inversely proportional to Calcium?
Phosphorus
85

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