TP6: Diversity Management and Cross-cultural Management Flashcards
What is culture?
- Something shared by all or almost all members of some social group
- Something older members of a group try to pass on to younger members- Something (as in the case of morals, laws, and customs) that shapes behavior, or structures one’s perceptions of the world (Adler 2002, p.16)
When does culture become evident?
- Behavior: any for of human action
- Attitude: expresses values and disposes a person to act or react in certain way towards something. (ofter presented in relationship between people)
- Values: reflect general beliefs that either define what is right and wrong or specify general preferences
How do culture affect organisations?
Manager’s Value, Beliefs and Attitudes
–> Manager’s Behavior
—> Emplyoees’/ Subordinates’ Behavior
What are the symbols of organisational culture?
- Rituals
- Ceremonies
- Heroes
- Language
- Slogans
What are the 5 cultural dimensions stated by Hofstede?
- Identity (individualism / collectivism)
- Power (high power distance / low power distance)
- Gender (masculinity / femininity)
- Time (long-term orientation / short-term orientation)
- Uncertainty (uncertainty avoidance / uncertainty tolerance)
What are the Hall and Hall’s 4 culture dimensions?
- Speed of message (fast / slow)
- Structure of space (open / closed)
- Structure of time (monochrome / polychrome)
- Context orientation (low-context / high context)
Explain Hall and Hall’s concept of High-Context.
- Do not think communication is only about words
- Think body language, gesture and facial expressions are
very important - Think a common background and history are important
- Communicate in softer ways
- Yes = Yes
- No = Maybe, I am not sure… - More used to taking care of the surroundings picking up
Explain Hall and Hall’s concept of Low-Context.
- Use a lot of words to communicate
- Thinks that communication must be precise
- Yes = Yes
- No = No - Do not like vagueness
- Address important point very quickly
- If nothing is said = nothing happening
Explain Hall and Hall’s concept of Monochronic.
- Does one thing at a time
- Makes commitments (deadlines)
- Is committed to job
- Concentrates on job
- Emphasis promptness
- Is accustomed to short-term relationships
- Is low context and needs information
- Adheres（執着）to plan
Explain Hall and Hall’s concept of Polychronic .
- Does many things at once
- Considers time commitments to be flexible and low
priority - Is committed to people and relationships
- Is easily distracted
- Based promptness on relationships
- Tends to form lifelong relationships
- Is high context and already has information
- Changes plans often
What is diversity?
Refers to the presence of differing cultures, languages, ethnicities, races, affinity orientations, genders, religious sects, abilities, social classes, age, and national origins of the individuals in a firm
What are the 4 dimensions of diversity ?
- Primary dimensions
- Secondary dimensions
- Internal dimensions
- External dimension
Explain what “Primary dimension” is (Dimensions of Diversity)
Human differences that are inborn and have a major impact on us (age, ethnicity, gender, race, gender, race, physical abilities/ qualities etc.)
Explain what “Secondary dimension” is (Dimensions of Diversity)
Mutable differences that can be changed, discarded, or modified throughout our lives. They add depth and individually to our lives (education, income, material status, military experience, religion, work experience or parental status)
Explain what “Internal dimensions” is (Dimensions of Diversity)
Human differences that are inherit and exert a major impact on us (age, ethnicity, gender, race, physical abilities/ qualities etc.)
