Toxins

Question 1

RTX toxin

Answer 1

affects leukocytes, forming pores in the cell membranes to kill or inhibit cellular functon

Question 2

What are activators of Adenylate cyclase?

Answer 2

E. coli LT, Cholera toxin, Pertussis toxin, Anthrax toxin

Question 3

Inhibitors of protein synthesis

Answer 3

uncouples protein synthesis by NAD-deendent and ADP-ribosylation of elngation factor 2

Question 4

Superantigens

Answer 4

toxins bind directly to variable beta region of T cell, stimulate release of IL2 and IL4 massive stimulation of immune system

Question 5

Hemolysins for Streptococcus genus

Answer 5

Streptolysin O, and Streptolysin S

Question 6

Bacillus anthracis 3 component toxin that is lethal

Answer 6

Protective ag (PA)- acts as B subunit, binds to the cell recepor and is proteolytically cleaved. 
Edema factor (EF)- acts as A subunit, activated adenylate cyclase and interferes with cell function 
Lethal factor (LF)- cleaves the kinase involved in signal transduction in fibroblasts, death of cell

Question 7

toxins from Bacillus cereus

Answer 7

Lethal toxin

Cereolysin - thiol-activated toxin

Question 8

Listeria monocytogenes toxin

Answer 8

Listerolysin O- destroys the phagosome and organism is released into the cytosol of the macrophage

Question 9

Escherichia coli toxin causing edema disease

Answer 9

vasotoxin- inhibits the proten synthesis in endothelium, leads to edema

Question 10

Other Escherichia coli toxins

Answer 10

Enterotoxins, endotoxin, Labile toxin (LT), Stable toxin

Question 11

Toxin associated with post weaning porcine diarrhea and E. coli

Answer 11

STb- earlier onset, longer acting, mechanism unknown

Question 12

Toxin asociated with porcine neonatal diarrhea and E. coli

Answer 12

STa- rapid action, sort lived, non antigenic, smulates guanylate cyclase, cGMP production, lack of absorption

Question 13

Salmonella spp. toxns

Answer 13

Enterotoxin like substance- stimulates adenyl cyclase

Endotoxin- causes DIC and death

Question 14

Mycoplasma spp. toxin

Answer 14

Hemolysins

Question 15

Pseudomonas aeruginosa toxin responsible for vascular permeability and breaking through pulmonary surfactant

Answer 15

Phospholipase C

Question 16

What allows Pseudomonas to evade the immune response of the host?

Answer 16

Extracellular slime is antiphagocytic, as well as the generation of microcolonies

Question 17

What allows Pseudomonas to prevent other bacteria to grow

Answer 17

pyocyanin is toxic to other bacteria

Question 18

What toxin in Pasturella multocida is responsible for atrophic rhinitis

Answer 18

cytotoxin

Question 19

What major toxins are produced by Mannheimia haemolytica?

Answer 19

cytotoxin- toxic for leukocytes and platelets of ruminants
RTX toxin- pore forming cytolysin.
Causes altered leukocyte function at low levels and lysis of leukocytes at higher levels. Incites an inflammatory response n the lung and inflammed lung is non functional.
Lipopolysaccharide

Question 20

What toxin is common in Actinobacillus equuli

Answer 20

RTX leukotoxin

Question 21

What are the major toxins for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

Answer 21

RTX toxins (3 part)- cytotoxins
Endotoxin

Question 22

What is the major toxin for actinobacillus suis

Answer 22

RTX toxin

Question 23

Histophilus somni toxins

Answer 23

Endotoxin

Lipooligosaccharide- inducing apoptosis of endothelial cells

Question 24

Toxin for Bordetella bronchiseptica

Answer 24

LPS

Fimbrial hemagglutination- -facilitates attachment to the host

Question 25

Moraxella bovis major virulence factors (3)

Answer 25

Fimbriae- attachment to the corneal epithelium Hemolysin- RTX toxin Cytotoxin- toxic for bovine monocytes

Question 26

Toxin for Nesseria gonorrhoeae

Answer 26

Lipooligosaccharide

Question 27

Chlostridim tetani

Answer 27

Tetanospasmin- causes clinical disease - blocks neurotransmitter GABA release - Binds irreversibly

Question 28

Clostridium botulinum toxin

Answer 28

botulinum toxin- blocks the release of acetylcholine from nerves at neuromuscular junction

Question 29

Clostridium perfringens toxins s

Answer 29

Proteins act as enzymes (causing different disease) | Hyaluronidase

Question 30

Clostridium novyi causes what diseases?

Answer 30

black disease | Big head in rams

Question 31

Fusobacterium necrophorum toxin

Answer 31

Leukotoxin | LPS

Question 32

Dihelobacter nodosus toxin

Answer 32

Protease- digests hoof

Question 33

Vibrocholerae toxins

Answer 33

Cholera toxin- AB sructure toxin, stimulates adenylate cyclase secreted from cell ST toxin- heat stable - closely related to the ST of E.coli

Question 34

Leptospira toxins

Answer 34

Cytotoxic factor

Question 35

Aflatoxin's reaction on the host

Answer 35

hepatotoxic, carcinogenic, hemorrhage. Produced by Aspergellus flavus, and parasiticus

Question 36

Zearalenone

Answer 36

Produced by Fusarium | Has etsrogenic effects, causng infertility in swiine

Question 37

Ochratoxin

Answer 37

Nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, Produced by aspergillus

Question 38

Ergot

Answer 38

Found in the great plains states. Causes gangrene of extremties, convulsions, ataxia

Question 39

Ergot

Answer 39

Causes Fescue foot, summer slump, and fat necrosis | Produced by Neotyphoidium coneophialum