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Microbiology > Toxins > Flashcards

Toxins Flashcards

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1
Q

RTX toxin

A

affects leukocytes, forming pores in the cell membranes to kill or inhibit cellular functon

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2
Q

What are activators of Adenylate cyclase?

A

E. coli LT, Cholera toxin, Pertussis toxin, Anthrax toxin

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3
Q

Inhibitors of protein synthesis

A

uncouples protein synthesis by NAD-deendent and ADP-ribosylation of elngation factor 2

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4
Q

Superantigens

A

toxins bind directly to variable beta region of T cell, stimulate release of IL2 and IL4 massive stimulation of immune system

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5
Q

Hemolysins for Streptococcus genus

A

Streptolysin O, and Streptolysin S

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6
Q

Bacillus anthracis 3 component toxin that is lethal

A 
Protective ag (PA)- acts as B subunit, binds to the cell recepor and is proteolytically cleaved. 
Edema factor (EF)- acts as A subunit, activated adenylate cyclase and interferes with cell function 
Lethal factor (LF)- cleaves the kinase involved in signal transduction in fibroblasts, death of cell
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7
Q

toxins from Bacillus cereus

A

Lethal toxin

Cereolysin - thiol-activated toxin

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8
Q

Listeria monocytogenes toxin

A

Listerolysin O- destroys the phagosome and organism is released into the cytosol of the macrophage

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9
Q

Escherichia coli toxin causing edema disease

A

vasotoxin- inhibits the proten synthesis in endothelium, leads to edema

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10
Q

Other Escherichia coli toxins

A

Enterotoxins, endotoxin, Labile toxin (LT), Stable toxin

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11
Q

Toxin associated with post weaning porcine diarrhea and E. coli

A

STb- earlier onset, longer acting, mechanism unknown

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12
Q

Toxin asociated with porcine neonatal diarrhea and E. coli

A

STa- rapid action, sort lived, non antigenic, smulates guanylate cyclase, cGMP production, lack of absorption

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13
Q

Salmonella spp. toxns

A

Enterotoxin like substance- stimulates adenyl cyclase

Endotoxin- causes DIC and death

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14
Q

Mycoplasma spp. toxin

A

Hemolysins

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15
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa toxin responsible for vascular permeability and breaking through pulmonary surfactant

A

Phospholipase C

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16
Q

What allows Pseudomonas to evade the immune response of the host?

A

Extracellular slime is antiphagocytic, as well as the generation of microcolonies

17
Q

What allows Pseudomonas to prevent other bacteria to grow

A

pyocyanin is toxic to other bacteria

18
Q

What toxin in Pasturella multocida is responsible for atrophic rhinitis

A

cytotoxin

19
Q

What major toxins are produced by Mannheimia haemolytica?

A

cytotoxin- toxic for leukocytes and platelets of ruminants
RTX toxin- pore forming cytolysin.
Causes altered leukocyte function at low levels and lysis of leukocytes at higher levels. Incites an inflammatory response n the lung and inflammed lung is non functional.
Lipopolysaccharide

20
Q

What toxin is common in Actinobacillus equuli

A

RTX leukotoxin

21
Q

What are the major toxins for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

A 
RTX toxins (3 part)- cytotoxins
Endotoxin
22
Q

What is the major toxin for actinobacillus suis

A

RTX toxin

23
Q

Histophilus somni toxins

A

Endotoxin

Lipooligosaccharide- inducing apoptosis of endothelial cells

24
Q

Toxin for Bordetella bronchiseptica

A

LPS

Fimbrial hemagglutination- -facilitates attachment to the host

25
Q

Moraxella bovis major virulence factors (3)

A

Fimbriae- attachment to the corneal epithelium
Hemolysin- RTX toxin
Cytotoxin- toxic for bovine monocytes

26
Q

Toxin for Nesseria gonorrhoeae

A

Lipooligosaccharide

27
Q

Chlostridim tetani

A

Tetanospasmin- causes clinical disease

  • blocks neurotransmitter GABA release
  • Binds irreversibly
28
Q

Clostridium botulinum toxin

A

botulinum toxin- blocks the release of acetylcholine from nerves at neuromuscular junction

29
Q

Clostridium perfringens toxins s

A

Proteins act as enzymes (causing different disease)

Hyaluronidase

30
Q

Clostridium novyi causes what diseases?

A

black disease

Big head in rams

31
Q

Fusobacterium necrophorum toxin

A

Leukotoxin

LPS

32
Q

Dihelobacter nodosus toxin

A

Protease- digests hoof

33
Q

Vibrocholerae toxins

A

Cholera toxin- AB sructure toxin, stimulates adenylate cyclase secreted from cell
ST toxin- heat stable - closely related to the ST of E.coli

34
Q

Leptospira toxins

A

Cytotoxic factor

35
Q

Aflatoxin’s reaction on the host

A

hepatotoxic, carcinogenic, hemorrhage. Produced by Aspergellus flavus, and parasiticus

36
Q

Zearalenone

A

Produced by Fusarium

Has etsrogenic effects, causng infertility in swiine

37
Q

Ochratoxin

A

Nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, Produced by aspergillus

38
Q

Ergot

A

Found in the great plains states. Causes gangrene of extremties, convulsions, ataxia

39
Q

Ergot

A

Causes Fescue foot, summer slump, and fat necrosis

Produced by Neotyphoidium coneophialum

Microbiology (4 decks)

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