Toxins

Question 1

What is the difference between viperidae fangs and Elapidae fangs?

Answer 1

Viperidae have LONG HOLLOW - on maxillary bone

Elapidae have short hollow fixed fangs

Question 2

What is venom constituted of in Hymenoptera? (bees, wasps)

Answer 2

Peptides + non enzymatic proteins.
Phospholipase A2
Histamine
Plant toxins from food.

Question 3

Venom in Latrodectus (Widow) spiders?

Answer 3

Neurotoxic proteins
High in isoleucine + leucine
Low in tyrosine
Proteolytic enzymes + hyaluronidase
 Effects: 
Oedema.
Joint pain
Headache
Muscle pain

Question 4

Venom in Laxosceles (Brown/violin spiders)?

Answer 4

Sphingomyelinase D
alters morphology of membranes
Phospholipase
Protease esterase

Question 5

Venom is Atelopus? (toads)

Answer 5

Zetekitoxins ABC
Tetrodotoxin
Batrachotoxin

Question 6

Venom in Hapalochlaema?

Answer 6

Maculotoxin - actually TTX

Question 7

Venom in snakes?

Answer 7

INORGANIC IONS
GLYCOPROTEINS
FREE AMINO ACIDS
BIOGENIC AMINES
LIPIDS

Question 8

What results from SVMP’s in snake venom?

Answer 8

cleavage of basement membrane components + proteins involved in cell-matrix interactions
reduction in capillary wall resistance
thinning in endothelial cells
Hermorrhage capilleries - bruising

Question 9

How is a mongoose resistant?

Answer 9

Agility
thickened skin
resistant to a - neurotoxin
mongoose nAchR does not bind to a-BTX in vivo or vitro.

Question 10

What is captopril medecine derived from?

Answer 10

Brazilian arrowhead viper

Question 11

What is the significance of cone shell snail in medecine?

Answer 11

Venom contains priatL which acts on N-type calcium channel

50x more effective than morphine