Toxins

Question 1

Brevetoxin

Answer 1

• Causes NSP (neurotoxic shellfish poisoning), shellfish consumes algae with toxins, cant be eliminated by cooking or freezing, HIGH AFTER ALGAL BLOOMS… in clams, mussels, oysters in warm waters Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean, W Coast Florida
• PM: Reputable sources
• SYM: tingling lips, tongue, throat, V,D, chills
• TO: 30-60 min

Question 2

Domoic acid

Answer 2

• Causes ASP (amnesic shellfish poisoning), high after algal blooms in Pacific Northwest, E Canada
• PM: reputable sourcse
• SYM: memory loss, V, D, can be fatal
• TO: 30-60 min

Question 3

Saxitoxin

Answer 3

• Causes PSP (Paralytic shellfish poisoning) algal blooms in pacific coast, new england coast clam, mussel, oyster, scallop
• SYM: tingling mouth, face, extremities, N, V, D
• TO: 30-60 min

Question 4

Ciguatoxin

Answer 4

• Ciguatera fish poisoning, in marine algae that small fish eat, cant be eliminated by cooking or freezing. In barracuda, grouper, jacks, sturgeon, snapper (tropical reef fish)
• PM: buy from reputable source
• SYM: hold/cold sensations, N, V, tingling, D
• TO: 3-6 hrs, last 30 hrs

Question 5

Histamine

Answer 5

• scombroid poisoning, tuna, bonito, mackerel, mahi mahi, bluefish marlin, escolar, sardine. Fish host bacteria histamine when temp abuse
• PM: reputable, maintain time/temp control
• SYM: headache, tingling, D, V
• TO: several min- sev hours

Question 6

Aflatoxin

Answer 6

• Apserigillus molds in soil, hay, panuts, grains, can lead to serious liver disease, cancer. In grains during storage/transport if humid. Maize, cassava, wheat, millet, peanuts, rice, sesame, spices, egg, dairy, meat
• PM: proper storage, reputable
• SYM: N, V, convulsions acute hepatitis