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EDIC Part (1) Course Notes > Toxicology & Poisoning > Flashcards

Toxicology & Poisoning Flashcards

1
Q

Top drugs of abuse?

A
  • Analgesics
  • GHB
  • Lithium
  • Antidepressants/Antipsychotics
  • Alcohol
  • Chemicals
  • Pesticides
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2
Q

Approach to managing poisoning?

A
  • History & examination
  • ABG - Anion gap + Osmolar gap
  • ECG
  • Immunoassay (poorly specific)
  • Chromatography (very specific)
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3
Q

Treatment TCA?

A
  • ABCD
  • Sodium bicarbonate (if QRS > 100 ms)
  • Benzodiazepines (agitation or seizure)
  • Activated charcoal
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4
Q

Drugs to avoid with TCA poisoning?

A
  • Physiostigmine
  • Flumazenil
  • Class 1A (e.g - Procainamide)
  • Class 1C (e.g - Flecainide)
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5
Q

Symptoms of antocholinergic poisoning?

A
  • Dry mouth and skin
  • Mydriasis
  • Tachycardia
  • Psychosis
  • No bowel sounds
  • Urinary retention
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6
Q

Symptoms of cholinergic toxidrome?

A
  • Salivation
  • Lacrimation
  • Diarrhoea
  • Emesis
  • Sweating,
  • Miosis
  • Bradycardia
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7
Q

Drugs with anticholinergic effects?

A
  • Antihistamines
  • Atropine
  • TCA
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8
Q

Drugs with cholinergic effects?

A
  • Organophosphate

- Carbamate

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9
Q

Sedatives, hypnotics and opiates causes the follwoing toxidromes?

A
  • Confusion
  • Depressed mental status
  • Slurred speech
  • Respiratory depression
  • Bradycardia
  • Miosis
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10
Q

Beta or alpha adrenergic toxidromes?

A
  • Tachycardia
  • Hypertension
  • Sweating
  • Agitation
  • Mydriasis
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11
Q

Drugs causing beta & alpha adrenergic toxidromes?

A
  • Amphetamines
  • Cocaine
  • Phencyclidine
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12
Q

Beta-blocker toxidromes?

A
  • Metoprolol

- Bisoprolol

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13
Q

Typical toxidromes?

A
  • Organophosphate - Fasciculation
  • Chloralhydrate - Myoclonus
  • TCA, CO, ethanol, phenothiazines, amphetamines, cocaine & withdrawal - Epileptic seizures
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14
Q

Antidote anticholinergic poisoning?

A

Physiostigmine - Not with TCA

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15
Q

HDRM?

A

Hot as a hare, dry as a bone, red as a beet and mad as a hatter

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16
Q

Antodotes for cholinergics ?

A
  • Atropine

- Pralidoxime for organophsophate

17
Q

Treatment alpha adrenergic toxidrome?

A

Phentolamine

Nitroprusside

18
Q

Management sedatives and hypnotics?

A

Naloxone
Flumazenil
Urinary alkalinization for phenobarbital

19
Q

Management of extrapyramidal effects?

A

Diperidene

20
Q

Paracetamol and cyanide treatment?

A

Acetylcysteine

Thiosulphate, Amyl nitrite and hydroxycobalamine

21
Q

Ricin - Found in castor beans?

A
  • Ribosome inhibiting protein
  • Symptoms < 2 hours
  • Abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhoea, MOF, bleeding
22
Q

Novichok?

A
  • Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor - Cholinergic symptoms

EDIC Part (1) Course Notes (8 decks)

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