Toxicology Drugs Flashcards
Cyanide Poisoning:
What are the possible drugs for treatment?(3)
1) Amyl nitrite (inhaled antidote)
2) Sodium nitrite (IV antidote)
3) Sodium thiosulfate (IV antidote)
Cyanide Poisoning:
Treatment Mechanism of Amyl nitrite (inhaled antidote)
and Sodium nitrite (IV antidote)
Nitrites oxidize some of the hemoglobin’s iron
(ferrous → ferric), converting Hgb into methemoglobin.
Cyanide binds to methemoglobin, forming
cyanmethemoglobin, thus releasing cyanide from
cytochrome oxidase
Cyanide Poisoning:
Treatment Mechanism of Sodium thiosulfate
(IV antidote)
Induces a metabolising enzyme, producing sodium
thiocyanate, which is excreted in urine
Cholinesterase inhibitors poisoning:
What are the possible drugs for treatment?(2)
Atropine and Pralidoxime
Cholinesterase inhibitors poisoning:
Treatment Mechanism of Atropine
Muscarinic receptor antagonist
Cholinesterase inhibitors poisoning:
Treatment Mechanism of Pralidoxime
Reactivation of cholinesterase enzyme
alters interaction between poison and Ach
Benzodiazepine poisoning:
What are the possible drugs for treatment?
Flumazenil
Benzodiazepine poisoning:
Treatment Mechanism of Flumazenil
Benzodiazepine binding site antagonist
Methanol Poisoning:
What are the possible drugs for treatment?
Fomepizole and Ethanol
Methanol Poisoning:
Treatment Mechanism of Fomepizole
Competitive inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase
Lead Poisoning:
What are the possible drugs for treatment?(2)
Calcium EDTA and Dimercaprol (BAL)
Lead Poisoning:
Treatment Mechanism of Calcium EDTA and Dimercaprol (BAL)?
Chelating Agents
Opioids Poisoning:
What are the possible drugs for treatment?(2)
Nalorphine and Naloxone
Opioids Poisoning:
Treatment Mechanism of Nalorphine
μ-receptor antagonist
Opioids Poisoning:
Treatment Mechanism of Naloxone
Opioid antagonist
Digoxin toxicity:
What are the possible drugs for treatment?(2)
Lidocaine and Anti-Digoxin Antibodies
Digoxin toxicity:
Treatment Mechanism of Anti-Digoxin Antibodies
Neutralize the effect of the drug
Digoxin toxicity:
Treatment Mechanism of Lidocaine
Antiarrhythmic (Na+-channel blocker)
What drug would be used as a heme replacement in Acute Porphyria?
Heme-arginate
What are the Drugs used as Copper chelators for Wilson’s Disease?(2)
1) D-penicillamine + vitamin B6
2) Trientine
What is the Vitamin should be AVOIDED for patients with Hemochromatosis? Why?
Vitamin C - Increase Iron absorption
What are emergency drug given to people with Hypocalcemic Tetany?
Ca-gluconate (Should be given slowly)
What is the common Antidote for Diethylene glycol, Ethylene glycol and Methanol Intoxication?
Ethanol
Drug-induced Diabetes Mellitus - What are the eliciting drugs?
(High Doses over a long period of time)
Corticosteroides: Hydrocortisone, Dexamethasone and Prednisone
What is the drug of choice for Acetaminophen Intoxication?
N-Acetylcysteine
