Toxicology Drugs

Question 1

Cyanide Poisoning:

What are the possible drugs for treatment?(3)

Answer 1

1) Amyl nitrite (inhaled antidote)
2) Sodium nitrite (IV antidote)
3) Sodium thiosulfate (IV antidote)

Question 2

Cyanide Poisoning:
Treatment Mechanism of Amyl nitrite (inhaled antidote)
and Sodium nitrite (IV antidote)

Answer 2

Nitrites oxidize some of the hemoglobin’s iron
(ferrous → ferric), converting Hgb into methemoglobin.
Cyanide binds to methemoglobin, forming
cyanmethemoglobin, thus releasing cyanide from
cytochrome oxidase

Question 3

Cyanide Poisoning:
Treatment Mechanism of Sodium thiosulfate
(IV antidote)

Answer 3

Induces a metabolising enzyme, producing sodium

thiocyanate, which is excreted in urine

Question 4

Cholinesterase inhibitors poisoning:

What are the possible drugs for treatment?(2)

Answer 4

Atropine and Pralidoxime

Question 5

Cholinesterase inhibitors poisoning:

Treatment Mechanism of Atropine

Answer 5

Muscarinic receptor antagonist

Question 6

Cholinesterase inhibitors poisoning:

Treatment Mechanism of Pralidoxime

Answer 6

Reactivation of cholinesterase enzyme

alters interaction between poison and Ach

Question 7

Benzodiazepine poisoning:

What are the possible drugs for treatment?

Answer 7

Flumazenil

Question 8

Benzodiazepine poisoning:

Treatment Mechanism of Flumazenil

Answer 8

Benzodiazepine binding site antagonist

Question 9

Methanol Poisoning:

What are the possible drugs for treatment?

Answer 9

Fomepizole and Ethanol

Question 10

Methanol Poisoning:

Treatment Mechanism of Fomepizole

Answer 10

Competitive inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase

Question 11

Lead Poisoning:

What are the possible drugs for treatment?(2)

Answer 11

Calcium EDTA and Dimercaprol (BAL)

Question 12

Lead Poisoning:

Treatment Mechanism of Calcium EDTA and Dimercaprol (BAL)?

Answer 12

Chelating Agents

Question 13

Opioids Poisoning:

What are the possible drugs for treatment?(2)

Answer 13

Nalorphine and Naloxone

Question 14

Opioids Poisoning:

Treatment Mechanism of Nalorphine

Answer 14

μ-receptor antagonist

Question 15

Opioids Poisoning:

Treatment Mechanism of Naloxone

Answer 15

Opioid antagonist

Question 16

Digoxin toxicity:

What are the possible drugs for treatment?(2)

Answer 16

Lidocaine and Anti-Digoxin Antibodies

Question 17

Digoxin toxicity:

Treatment Mechanism of Anti-Digoxin Antibodies

Answer 17

Neutralize the effect of the drug

Question 18

Digoxin toxicity:

Treatment Mechanism of Lidocaine

Answer 18

Antiarrhythmic (Na+-channel blocker)

Question 19

What drug would be used as a heme replacement in Acute Porphyria?

Answer 19

Heme-arginate

Question 20

What are the Drugs used as Copper chelators for Wilson’s Disease?(2)

Answer 20

1) D-penicillamine + vitamin B6

2) Trientine

Question 21

What is the Vitamin should be AVOIDED for patients with Hemochromatosis? Why?

Answer 21

Vitamin C - Increase Iron absorption

Question 22

What are emergency drug given to people with Hypocalcemic Tetany?

Answer 22

Ca-gluconate (Should be given slowly)

Question 23

What is the common Antidote for Diethylene glycol, Ethylene glycol and Methanol Intoxication?

Answer 23

Ethanol

Question 24

Drug-induced Diabetes Mellitus - What are the eliciting drugs?
(High Doses over a long period of time)

Answer 24

Corticosteroides: Hydrocortisone, Dexamethasone and Prednisone

Question 25

What is the drug of choice for Acetaminophen Intoxication?

Answer 25

N-Acetylcysteine