Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MD2 Intersession 1 > Toxicology > Flashcards

Toxicology Flashcards

1
Q

How can the effects of an ingested agent be reduced?

A 
Minimise absorption
- Charcoal
Reduce gut transit time
- Bowel irrigation
Enhance elimination
Administer antidote
Antagonise effects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

For which toxins is charcoal not recommended?

A

Electrolytes
Heavy metals
Alkaline/acid ingestion
Hydrocarbons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How is elimination enhanced in salicylate poisoning?

A

Alkalinise urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the antidote for opioid poisoning?

A

Naloxone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the antagonist used in organophosphate poisoning?

A

Atropine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the normal dose of paracetamol?

A

15 mg/kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the toxic dose of paracetamol?

A

Anything above 8 g considered possibly lethal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the antidote in paracetamol toxicity?

A

N-acetyl-cysteine

  • Precursor for glutathione > increases levels in liver
  • Binds with toxic breakdown products of paracetamol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does paracetamol toxicity manifest itself?

A

Toxic metabolite builds up and can’t be mopped up by glutathione > hepatic toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How long do you continue N-acetyl-cysteine treatment for in paracetamol toxicity?

A

Until ALT peaks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the narcotic toxidrome?

A

CNS depression
Miosis
Slow respiration
Hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the cholinergic toxidrome of insecticide poisoning?

A

Blocks acetylcholinesterase > SLUDGE syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the SLUDGE syndrome?

A 
S = salivation
L = lacrimation (tears)
U = urination
D = diarrhoea
G = GI distress
E = emesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the anticholinergic toxidrome, caused by tricyclic antidepressants, for example?

A 
Blurry vision
Mydriasis
Tachycardia
Dry mouth
Confusion
Agitation
Delirium
Seizures
Urinary retention
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the sympathomimetic toxidrome, caused by ecstasy, for example?

A

Tachycardia
Hypertension
CNS excitation
Seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the extrapyramidal toxidrome?

A

Rigidity
Tremor
Dystonia
Oculogyric crisis = prolonged involuntary upward deviation of eyes

17
Q

What is the serotonergic toxidrome, caused by tramadol and SSRIs, for example?

A 
Tachycardia
Hypertension
CNS excitation
Seizures
Clonus
18
Q

What do you do if you can’t see the bite site for a snake or spider bite?

A

Do urine test > looking for venom - use venom detection kit
Measure clotting factors
- Activated with snake bites
- Happens very quickly

19
Q

What is the immediate treatment for snake bites?

A

Compression and immobilisation to limit systemic effects

20
Q

Why is compression and immobilisation not recommended for spider bites?

A

Can cause concentrated local effect

21
Q

What is the management for a snake bite?

A

Confirm venom present
Administer 1 ampule of brown, and 1 ampule of tiger antivenom from antivenom kit, even with confirmed tiger snake bite
If not working after 4 hours > administer another ampule of antivenom

22
Q

What is the mechanism of action for snake venom?

A

Neurotoxic
Myotoxic
Coagulopathic

23
Q

What is the mechanism of action for blue ringed octopus venom?

A

Tetrodotoxin

Muscle paralysis

24
Q

What is the treatment for blue ringed octopus venom?

A

Respiratory support

No antidote

25
Q

What is the mechanism of action for box jellyfish venom?

A

Multi-component venom

Cardiotoxic

26
Q

What is the treatment for box jellyfish venom?

A

Vinegar as first aid

Antivenom

27
Q

What is the mechanism of action for stonefish venom?

A

Neurotoxic
Myotoxic
Cardiotoxic

28
Q

What is the treatment for stonefish venom?

A

Antivenom

29
Q

What is the mechanism of action for funnel web spider venom?

A

Stimulation of nerves

30
Q

What is the treatment for funnel web spider venom?

A

Antivenom

31
Q

What is the mechanism of action for red back spider venom?

A

Cholinergic effect

MD2 Intersession 1 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions