Toxicology

Question 1

What is the antidote for iron poisoning?

Answer 1

Desferroximine

Question 2

What is the antidote for lead (Pb)?

Answer 2

Chelating agents

Question 3

What is the antidote for Ethylene glycol?

Answer 3

Ethanol, fomepizole

Question 4

What is the antidote for nitrates, nitrites?

Answer 4

Methylene blue (important for methemoglobinemia)

Question 5

What is the antidote for aluminum (AI)?

Answer 5

Desferroximine

Question 6

What is the antidote for Mercury (Hg)?

Answer 6

Chelating agent

Question 7

Antidote for acetominophen?

Answer 7

N-acetylcysteine (mucormyst)

Question 8

Antidote for digoxin?

Answer 8

Digibind

Question 9

Antidote for INH?

Answer 9

Pyridoxine

Question 10

Antidote for opiate intoxication?

Answer 10

Naloxone

Question 11

Antidote for carbon monoxide?

Answer 11

oxygen

Question 12

Antidote for organophosphate poisoning?

Answer 12

Atropine

Question 13

How is ethylene glycol measured?

Answer 13

HPLC, **Osmolal gap

Question 14

How is iron measured?

Answer 14

Serum iron & TIBC

Question 15

How are heavy metals measured?

Answer 15

atomic absorption??

Question 16

How are acetominophen, aspirin and digoxin measured?

Answer 16

Drug level

Question 17

How are opiates measured?

Answer 17

6-monoacetyl morphine level (6-MAM); ***Unique heroine metabolite!!!
-further metabolized to morphine–>morphine glucuronide (excreted form)

Question 18

What drugs are considered opiates?

Answer 18

morphine and codeine

Question 19

What drugs are considered opioids?

Answer 19

Heroin, Methadone, Meperidine, Oxycodone, Propoxyphene

Question 20

What is the osmolal gap equation?

Answer 20

O.G=Osm(meas) - Osm(pred)

Question 21

How do you calculate predicted Osm?

Answer 21

Pred Osm= 2xNa + Glucose/20+BUN/3

**Estimated

Question 22

How are drugs of abuse screened? What is the gold standard?

Answer 22

1. Immunoassay

2. GC-MS

Question 23

What is the metabolite of Methanol? clinical effects?

Answer 23

Formic acid

Acidosis, optic neuropathy

Question 24

What is the metabolite of ethanol? clinical effects?

Answer 24

Acetic Acid

Acidosis (uncommon)

Question 25

What is the metabolite of Isopropanol? Clinical effects?

Answer 25

Acetone None? NO Acidosis**

Question 26

What is the metabolite of ethylene glycol? Clinical effects?

Answer 26

Oxalic acid, Glycolic acid Severe acidosis, urinary oxalate crystals: renal failure; cardio-resp failure

Question 27

What drugs cause an osmolal gap?

Answer 27

Methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol

Question 28

How can you tell if fluid submitted for testing is urine?

Answer 28

if specific gravity is 1.000 then not urine

Question 29

What substances interfere with immunoassays?

Answer 29

salt and bleach