Toxicology Flashcards
What is the antidote for acetaminophen toxicity?
NAC
What is the antidote for anticholinergic toxicity?
physostigmine
What is the antidote for arsenic, lead, and mercury toxicity?
dimercaprol, succimer, d-penicillamine
What is the antidote for benzodiazepine toxicity?
flumazenil
What is the antidote for a black widow spider bite?
latrodectus antivenin
What is the antidote for beta-blocker toxicity?
glucagon, insulin and glucose
What is the antidote for CCB toxicity?
calcium, glucagon, insulin and glucose
What is the antidote for cyanide toxicity?
hydroxycobalamin
What is the antidote for cyanide, hydrogen sulfide toxicity?
Na thiosulfate and nitrate
hydroxycobalamin
What is the antidote for digitalis glycoside toxicity?
digoxin-specific Fab
What is the antidote for ethylene glycol toxicity?
fomepizole, thiamine
What is the antidote for hydrofluouric acid toxicity?
calcium gluconate
What is the antidote for iron toxicity?
deferoxamine
What is the antidote for lead toxicity?
DMSA, EDTA
What is the antidote for methanol toxicity?
ethanol, fomepizole
What is the antidote for isoniazid, hydrazine, and monomethylhydrazine toxicity?
pyridoxine
What is the antidote for methemoglobin-forming agent toxicity?
methylene blue
What is the antidote for opioid toxicity?
nalfemene, naloxone
What is the antidote for organophosphate and carbamate toxicity?
atropine, protopam
What is the antidote for a rattlesnake bite?
CroFab antivenin
What is the antidote for serotonin syndrome?
Cyproheptadine
What is the antidote for sulfonurea toxicity?
Octreotide
What is the antidote for TCA toxicity?
Bicarbonate
What is the antidote for valproic acid toxicity?
Carnitine
What criteria do you need to look at the establish causation for toxicants?
The Hill Criteria
How do most intoxications occur?
accidents!
What do you do for the vast majority of patients in the ED?
Decontaminate only
The culprit usually reflects _______
accessibility
Examples of drugs that are toxic to children even in small amounts?
antimalarials, antidysrhythmics, benzocaine, B blockers, CCBs, camphor, clonidine, lomotil, lindane, methyl salicylate, opioids, theophylline, TCAs
What are the rules of general patient management?
A - airway, B - breathing, C - circulation, DEFG - dont ever forget glucose! D - disability / Coma scale, G - get a basic set of observations
How does charcoal (SDAC) work?
Eliminated in feces, absorbs drugs – must protect airways!!
What is the time window for charcoal?
within 1 hour
What is the syrup of Ipecac? What is the concern with it?
It induces emesis but it will not be of use after 30 minutes; ALSO being looked at for cardiotoxicities
What is a lavage?
Instilling several liters of H20 and then suctioning out; keep airways patent
What is whole bowel irrigation?
Useful for enteric coating or sustained release; goes below stomach area into small and large intestine
When is hemodialysis useful? What would it work on?
Useful for water soluble, low molecular weight, low plasma protein binding toxins; ex: methanol, ethylene glycol, salicylates, lithium, sotalol
What is hemoperfusion? What would it work on?
Passage of blood through charcoal filter and removes high plasma protein binding toxins; ex: carbamazepine, phenobarbitol, theophylline, phenytoin
Memorize slide 28
Do it
What is the most toxic B blocker?
propanolol
