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Toxicology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the study of poisons, including their nature, management, and detection called?

A

b) Toxicology

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2
Q

Which organization should be contacted in case of a suspected poisoning?

A

b) Poison Control

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3
Q

What percentage of poison exposures involve children under 6 years old?

A

c) 50%

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4
Q

Which of the following is NOT a common route of poison exposure?

A

c) Radiation

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5
Q

What is the primary cause of poisoning in adults?

A

b) Intentional overdose

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6
Q

Which substance is most associated with pinpoint pupils?

A

b) Opioids

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7
Q

What is the primary concern with cholinergic toxicity?

A

a) Respiratory failure

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8
Q

Which toxidrome is characterized by dry mucous membranes, hallucinations, and urinary retention?

A

b) Anticholinergic

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9
Q

Which of the following is a symptom of serotonin syndrome?

A

a) Muscle rigidity

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10
Q

What is the first step in treating a patient with suspected poisoning?

A

b) Airway assessment

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11
Q

Which of the following drugs is used to reverse benzodiazepine overdose?

A

b) Flumazenil

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12
Q

Which toxin is associated with a characteristic “bitter almond” odor?

A

a) Cyanide

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13
Q

What is the best treatment for beta-blocker overdose?

A

b) Glucagon

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14
Q

What is the primary effect of carbon monoxide poisoning?

A

b) Cellular hypoxia

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15
Q

Which of the following is the primary treatment for cyanide poisoning?

A

b) Sodium thiosulfate

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16
Q

What is the antidote for acetaminophen overdose?

A

b) N-acetylcysteine

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17
Q

Which treatment is indicated for organophosphate poisoning?

A

b) Atropine and pralidoxime

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18
Q

What is the primary intervention for an unconscious patient with a suspected toxic ingestion?

A

b) Securing the airway

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19
Q

What is the best way to enhance elimination of salicylates in an overdose?

A

b) Urinary alkalinization

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20
Q

What is the antidote for methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning?

A

b) Fomepizole

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21
Q

What is the most common complication of administering activated charcoal?

A

b) Vomiting and aspiration

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22
Q

Which poisoning requires administration of deferoxamine?

A

b) Iron

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23
Q

What is the first-line treatment for TCA (tricyclic antidepressant) overdose?

A

a) Sodium bicarbonate

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24
Q

Which of the following is the best way to treat lead poisoning?

A

b) Chelation therapy

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25
What is the most effective way to treat hydrocarbon poisoning?
b) Supportive care and avoiding emesis
26
Which of the following is the primary ECG finding in TCA overdose?
c) Widened QRS complex
27
Which electrolyte abnormality is commonly seen in digoxin toxicity?
a) Hyperkalemia
28
What is the best treatment for severe calcium channel blocker overdose?
b) Calcium chloride or calcium gluconate
29
What is the antidote for warfarin toxicity?
a) Vitamin K
30
Which poisoning can be treated with hydroxocobalamin?
b) Cyanide
31
What is the primary treatment for methemoglobinemia?
b) Methylene blue
32
Which overdose is commonly associated with an anion gap metabolic acidosis?
a) Salicylates
33
Which of the following antidotes is used for arsenic poisoning?
b) Dimercaprol (BAL)
34
What is the preferred treatment for iron overdose?
b) Deferoxamine
35
What is the best method to treat salicylate poisoning with severe toxicity?
a) Hemodialysis
36
A 35-year-old male is found unconscious with pinpoint pupils and respiratory depression. What is the best initial treatment?
b) Naloxone
37
A patient presents with confusion, hyperthermia, and muscle rigidity after taking an unknown medication. What is the likely diagnosis?
b) Serotonin syndrome
38
A farmer is exposed to an unknown pesticide and develops salivation, lacrimation, urination, diarrhea, and bradycardia. What is the best treatment?
b) Atropine and pralidoxime
39
What is the most concerning complication of tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) overdose?
c) QRS widening and arrhythmias
40
A patient presents with metabolic acidosis and an elevated anion gap. Which toxin is the most likely cause?
c) Methanol
41
What is the antidote for digoxin toxicity?
b) Digoxin-specific antibody fragments (Digibind)
42
Which poisoning is associated with a “cherry-red” appearance of the skin?
a) Carbon monoxide
43
A patient ingested antifreeze (ethylene glycol). Which of the following is the best treatment?
b) Fomepizole or ethanol
44
A patient overdosed on opioids and received naloxone. What should you monitor for?
c) Vomiting and withdrawal symptoms
45
Which overdose causes respiratory depression, hypothermia, and miosis?
b) Opioids
46
A patient presents with hypotension, bradycardia, and AV block after an overdose. Which class of drugs is most likely responsible?
a) Beta-blockers
47
Which laboratory test is most helpful in diagnosing carbon monoxide poisoning?
a) Arterial blood gas with carboxyhemoglobin level
48
What is the recommended treatment for hydrogen sulfide poisoning?
a) Oxygen therapy
49
Which of the following drugs can cause prolonged QT interval and increase the risk of torsades de pointes?
a) Methadone
50
Which poisoning is most associated with profound metabolic acidosis and elevated lactate levels?
a) Cyanide
51
A 5-year-old child ingests a household cleaner containing strong acids. What is the most appropriate first step?
c) Give water or milk to dilute
52
Which toxic alcohol ingestion is characterized by retinal toxicity and potential blindness?
a) Methanol
53
A patient presents with muscle fasciculations, respiratory distress, and miosis after working on a farm. What is the likely cause?
a) Organophosphate poisoning
54
Which treatment is best for severe salicylate poisoning?
a) Hemodialysis
55
What is the primary concern in a patient with methemoglobinemia?
a) Oxygen transport impairment
56
A patient presents with tinnitus, tachypnea, and an anion gap metabolic acidosis. What is the likely toxin?
a) Salicylates
57
What is the primary treatment for warfarin toxicity?
b) Vitamin K and fresh frozen plasma
58
A patient presents after an overdose of isoniazid. What is the antidote?
a) Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)
59
Which poisoning is treated with sodium bicarbonate to alkalinize the urine?
a) Salicylates
60
What is the best method to confirm lead poisoning?
a) Serum lead level
61
Which symptom is most characteristic of severe theophylline toxicity?
a) Seizures
62
Which treatment is appropriate for caffeine toxicity?
a) Beta-blockers
63
64
Which heavy metal poisoning presents with abdominal pain, neuropathy, and anemia?
Lead
65
What is the best initial treatment for acute hydrofluoric acid exposure?
Calcium gluconate
66
A patient presents with an opioid overdose. Which route of naloxone administration provides the fastest onset?
Intravenous (IV)
67
Which toxin is most commonly associated with delayed onset of symptoms leading to hepatic failure?
Acetaminophen
68
A patient with severe lithium toxicity may require which treatment?
Hemodialysis
69
Which drug is commonly associated with a toxidrome of seizures, metabolic acidosis, and an elevated anion gap?
Aspirin
70
Which overdose is most associated with urinary alkalinization as a treatment strategy?
Salicylates
71
A patient presents with an intentional overdose of ethylene glycol. What additional finding is most concerning?
Renal failure
72
What is the best initial management for a patient exposed to chlorine gas?
Provide supplemental oxygen and bronchodilators
73
Which of the following is a major concern with methanol poisoning?
Blindness
74
Which drug overdose is treated with intralipid therapy?
Local anesthetics (e.g., bupivacaine)
75
A patient presents after ingesting a large amount of dapsone. What is the best treatment?
Methylene blue
76
Which of the following toxins can lead to seizures if not treated promptly?
Theophylline
77
What is the first-line treatment for hydrocarbon ingestion?
Supportive care and avoiding aspiration
78
A patient presents with an overdose of clonidine. Which symptom is most likely?
Bradycardia and hypotension
79
Which toxicity is commonly treated with sodium bicarbonate to correct metabolic acidosis?
Salicylates
80
Which of the following drugs is most likely to cause severe serotonin syndrome?
SSRI + MAOI
81
A patient with severe metformin toxicity presents with lactic acidosis. What is the recommended treatment?
Hemodialysis
82
Which of the following is a key feature of severe barbiturate toxicity?
Respiratory depression and coma
83
A patient presents with hypertension, hyperreflexia, and clonus after taking an unknown substance. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Serotonin syndrome
84
What is the best antidote for cyanide poisoning?
Sodium thiosulfate
85
Which of the following drugs is most associated with hypoglycemia in overdose?
Insulin
86
A patient presents with excessive salivation, diarrhea, and muscle twitching after exposure to an unknown chemical. What is the best immediate treatment?
Atropine and pralidoxime

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