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Emergency Medicine Exam 4 > Toxicology > Flashcards

Toxicology Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the extended ABCs in toxicoloy

A
  • decontamination
  • enhanced elimination
  • focused therapy
  • get help
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2
Q
  • activated charcoal
  • shortly after ingestion
  • great for: ASA, APAP theophylline, TCAs
  • bad for: toxic alcohols, heavy metals, acids, alkalis
  • contraindicated: not absorbed by AC, GI perforation, endoscopy, airway issues, decreased bowel sounds
A

Decontamination

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3
Q

what can be used for enhanced elimination?

A

Hemodialysis

  • toxic alcohols, salicylates, theophylline, lithium, phenobarbital
  • water soluabe, small molecular weight, low protein binding, small volume distribution

Urinary alkalization

  • salicylates, phenobarbital
  • weak acids, ion trapping” “trapping” the ionized drug in the renal tubular lumen, preventing systemic re-absorption

Multi-dose activated charcoal

  • aspirin, barbiturates, carbamazepine, dapsone, quinine

chelation

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4
Q

what are common antidotes for focused elimination?

  • opiates
  • toxic alcohols
  • benzos
  • lidocaine
  • iron
  • aspirin
  • lidocaine
  • cholinergics
  • calcium channel blockers
  • TCAs
  • antihystamine
  • tylenol
A
  • narcan
  • ethanol/fomepizole
  • flumenazil
  • methylene blue
  • deferoxamine
  • NA bicarbonate
  • intralipids
  • cholinergics
  • ca channel blockers/ insulin
  • physostigmine
  • NAC
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5
Q

miosis vs mydriasis?

A
  • miosis is excessive constriction of the pupil
  • mydriasis is dilation of the pupile
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6
Q
  • delirium (mad as a hatter)
  • tachycardia
  • flushing
  • mydriasis
  • urinary rentention
  • dry mouth and dye skin
  • decreased bowel sounds
A

Anticholinergics: antihistamines, TCAs

antihistamines, TCAs

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7
Q
  • Salivation
  • lacrimation
  • urination
  • diaphoresis
  • GI upset
  • Emesis
  • The killer Bs: bronchorrhea, bronchospasm, bradycardia
A

cholinergics: organophosphates, nerve agents
(sludge) syndrome

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8
Q
  • hypopnea
  • hypothermia
  • miosis
  • hypotension
  • bradycardia
  • decreased bowel sounds
A

opioids

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9
Q
  • hypertension
  • tachycardia
  • hyperthermia
  • agitation
  • mydriasis
  • diaphoresis
A

sympathomimetics: ADHD meds, cocaine

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10
Q
  • sedation
  • hypopnea
  • ataxia
  • hypotension
  • normal/bradycardia
A

Sedative- hypnotic: BZDs, EtOH

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Emergency Medicine Exam 4 (6 decks)

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