Toxicology Flashcards
metabolite of heroin
morphine
alcohol is absorbed through the stomach walls and the
small intestine
test for THC
Duquenois-Levine test
compounds that require large amounts to be lethal
intoxicants
drugs that are given [___] are directly absorbed into the blood, bypassing the stomach and liver, so concentrations would be high in the bloodstream and low in the digestive tract
intravenously
the [___] of death is the specific injury or disease that leads to death
cause
when the body chemically alters a substance into another compound, usually during process of elimination
biotransformation
[___] gases are concentrated in the lungs
inhaled
most widely used confirmatory test for toxins and poisons
gas chromatography
easy to obtain tissue sample with a cup - chemical concentrations found can be high, and this helps show what happened in the kidneys, which are part of route of elimination
urine
unknown means/manners of death
undetermined
under normal circumstances, there are [___] factors that influence the absorption rate of alcohol
5: time it takes to consume alcohol, alcoholic content, amount consumed, body weight, stomach content
tissue that is nature’s timeline - takes 5 days to show up in the core of the shaft
hair
strong acids or alkalis (bases) that burn the mouth, esophagus, and stomach
corrosive chemicals
second most widely used confirmatory test for toxins and poisons
mass spectrometry
tissue sample found in the eye - it is slower to decay, retaining toxicity levels longer than most other organs
vitreous humor
a true [___], such as cyanide, requires only a small amount to be lethal
poison
second question toxicologists ask
has this person been manufacturing illicit compounds?
presumptive tests officers may use to determine blood alcohol content - aka PBT, preliminary breath test
breathalyzer
found in rat poison, causes severe pain, and is often not used in suicides
strychnine
manner of death that includes expiration due to illness or disease
natural
combination of chemistry and physiology - deals with poisons, drugs, and other toxic substances and how they affect living organisms
toxicology
transports blood throughout the body
blood
product of biotransformation
metabolites
the tissue known as the toxic sponge - it can show levels of toxins that blood may not show
liver
the [___] of death is the determination of how the injury of disease leads to death - there are 5
manner: undetermined, natural, suicidal, homicidal, accidental
alcohol acts on the [___], favoring the brain and builds up in watery areas of the body
central nervous system
substance is lifesaving for diabetics but deadly during overdoses
insulin
the [___] [___] was developed in the 1830s to test for arsenic
Marsh Test
test for barbiturates
Dillie-Koppanyi test
third question asked by toxicologists
was it a toxin that killed a person?
father of toxicology
Mathieu Orfila
elimination of alcohol that takes place in the body
oxidation
toxicologists look for samples in the body where the chemicals {___}, {___}, and along the route of elimination
enter, concentrate
manner of death that includes methods of self harm that result in death
suicidal
harmful chemical used in executions - leads to bright red blood
cyanide
another name for antifreeze
ethylene glycol
tissue tested because of bioaccumulation - collected from something that eats the body
insects
time digestion stops
time of death
tissue sample that lets us know whether drugs were ingested, if the victim ingested within past 48 hours
stomach contents
toxins injected [___] tend to concentrate around the injection site
intramuscularly
category of toxins including arsenic, mercury, and lead
heavy metals
test for opium and derivatives
Marquis test
test for cocain
Scott test
manner of death that includes death from misreading labels, mixing dangerous substances, etc
accidental
first question asked by toxicologists
was the person’s behavior influenced by a drug?
test for LSD
Van-Urk test
elimination of alcohol through breathing, sweating, urinating
excretion
famous French person suspected to have been poisoned with arsenic
Napoleon
[___] toxins show in liver, stomach, or intestines
ingested
very good tissue because it shows chemical and metabolites - shows what was happening at time of death
blood
sample used to examine history of prescription drugs
hair
used by body to eliminate alcohol
breathing, sweating, urinating, vomiting
