Toxicity Flashcards
How do illnesses get in you?
Inhalation, ingestion, dermal
Morbidity vs morality
Morbidity: illness
Morality: death
What is the difference between emergent and resurgent disease?
Emergent: previously unknown/ disappeared for 20+ years
Resurgent: Emerging with antibiotic resistance
Increases in what are linked to emergent diseases?
Climate change, population density, inter-continental transit, population in remote areas.
Antibiotic resistance: how?
Inconsistent usage, temporary exposure to bystanders
Antibiotic resistance: why so many on feedlots
Monoculture, cramped space, corn diet instead of grass (ulcers)
What is persistence?
The ability to survive in an environment effected by things like UV light, chemical disinfectants, desiccation.
Bioaccumulation vs biomagnification
Bioaccumulation: cells in an organism will selectively absorb and store molecules (includes toxic substances)
Biomagnification: toxic substances build up in prey and accumulate in the predator who eats the now toxic prey.
What is phytoremediation?
Using plants and microorganisms to remove contaminants.
What is the insecticide that effects bees, and what is it used for?
Neonicotinoid insecticide, sprayed on fields for seed coating
What are the three chemical interactions?
Antagonistic, additive, synergistic
What is the difference between acute and chronic?
Acute: short-term, temporary
Chronic: long-term, recurrent
What is the biggest threat to human health?
Heart disease
S shaped graph?
Dose-responsive curve
Correlation vs causation
Correlation is close in time, causation is directly linked
What’s the 1800s theory that stated that farming caused permanent climate change
Rain follows plow
What are some different types of legislation
EPA, MPCA, RCRA, CRCLA, Super Fund
EPA and MPCA definition
EPA: a federal organization to reduce and control pollution
MPCA: MN version
What is RCLA, or Cradle to Grave?
The handling, tracking and management of all toxic substances produced.
CERCLA and super fund
“Strict, joint and several responsibility”, any or all potentially responsible parties can be held responsible for cleanup. Super fund money comes 70-80 from PRPs, 20-30 from taxes
SARA
Community right to know
NPL national priority list
Super toxic, ignitable, corrosive, explosive, carcinogen, teratogen, mutagen
What is a teratogen?
A substance that causes abnormalities in the fetus/ embryo
Aldo ‘Almanac’ Leopold
Sand County Almanac: interdependence
Rachel ‘DDT’ Carson
Silent spring: effects of ddt
Gifford ‘forest’ Pinchot
U.S Forest service: balance with environment
Garrett ‘People are Greedy Jerks’ Hardin
Tragedy of the Commons: men pursue their own best interest, we’re doomed.
Theodore ‘Land is for Animals’ Roosevelt
Wildlife refuges and resource protection
John ‘Me, Teddy and the Trees’ Muir
Yosemite national park and Sierra club: trancendentalist
Henry David ‘I write nature stuff’ Thoreau
Walden, Civil Disobedience: conservationist and trancendentalist
Ralph Waldo Emmerson, trancendentalists
Emerson, Muir, Thoreau: people and nature are inherently good, best when separate from materialism and organized religion
Wangari ‘Africa needs trees’ Maathia
Green belt tree movement
