Toxicity

Question 0

How do illnesses get in you?

Answer 0

Inhalation, ingestion, dermal

Question 1

Morbidity vs morality

Answer 1

Morbidity: illness
Morality: death

Question 2

What is the difference between emergent and resurgent disease?

Answer 2

Emergent: previously unknown/ disappeared for 20+ years
Resurgent: Emerging with antibiotic resistance

Question 3

Increases in what are linked to emergent diseases?

Answer 3

Climate change, population density, inter-continental transit, population in remote areas.

Question 4

Antibiotic resistance: how?

Answer 4

Inconsistent usage, temporary exposure to bystanders

Question 5

Antibiotic resistance: why so many on feedlots

Answer 5

Monoculture, cramped space, corn diet instead of grass (ulcers)

Question 6

What is persistence?

Answer 6

The ability to survive in an environment effected by things like UV light, chemical disinfectants, desiccation.

Question 7

Bioaccumulation vs biomagnification

Answer 7

Bioaccumulation: cells in an organism will selectively absorb and store molecules (includes toxic substances)
Biomagnification: toxic substances build up in prey and accumulate in the predator who eats the now toxic prey.

Question 8

What is phytoremediation?

Answer 8

Using plants and microorganisms to remove contaminants.

Question 9

What is the insecticide that effects bees, and what is it used for?

Answer 9

Neonicotinoid insecticide, sprayed on fields for seed coating

Question 10

What are the three chemical interactions?

Answer 10

Antagonistic, additive, synergistic

Question 11

What is the difference between acute and chronic?

Answer 11

Acute: short-term, temporary
Chronic: long-term, recurrent

Question 12

What is the biggest threat to human health?

Answer 12

Heart disease

Question 13

S shaped graph?

Answer 13

Dose-responsive curve

Question 14

Correlation vs causation

Answer 14

Correlation is close in time, causation is directly linked

Question 15

What’s the 1800s theory that stated that farming caused permanent climate change

Answer 15

Rain follows plow

Question 16

What are some different types of legislation

Answer 16

EPA, MPCA, RCRA, CRCLA, Super Fund

Question 17

EPA and MPCA definition

Answer 17

EPA: a federal organization to reduce and control pollution
MPCA: MN version

Question 18

What is RCLA, or Cradle to Grave?

Answer 18

The handling, tracking and management of all toxic substances produced.

Question 19

CERCLA and super fund

Answer 19

“Strict, joint and several responsibility”, any or all potentially responsible parties can be held responsible for cleanup. Super fund money comes 70-80 from PRPs, 20-30 from taxes

Question 20

SARA

Answer 20

Community right to know

Question 21

NPL national priority list

Answer 21

Super toxic, ignitable, corrosive, explosive, carcinogen, teratogen, mutagen

Question 22

What is a teratogen?

Answer 22

A substance that causes abnormalities in the fetus/ embryo

Question 23

Aldo ‘Almanac’ Leopold

Answer 23

Sand County Almanac: interdependence

Question 24

Rachel ‘DDT’ Carson

Answer 24

Silent spring: effects of ddt

Question 25

Gifford ‘forest’ Pinchot

Answer 25

U.S Forest service: balance with environment

Question 26

Garrett ‘People are Greedy Jerks’ Hardin

Answer 26

Tragedy of the Commons: men pursue their own best interest, we’re doomed.

Question 27

Theodore ‘Land is for Animals’ Roosevelt

Answer 27

Wildlife refuges and resource protection

Question 28

John ‘Me, Teddy and the Trees’ Muir

Answer 28

Yosemite national park and Sierra club: trancendentalist

Question 29

Henry David ‘I write nature stuff’ Thoreau

Answer 29

Walden, Civil Disobedience: conservationist and trancendentalist

Question 30

Ralph Waldo Emmerson, trancendentalists

Answer 30

Emerson, Muir, Thoreau: people and nature are inherently good, best when separate from materialism and organized religion

Question 31

Wangari ‘Africa needs trees’ Maathia

Answer 31

Green belt tree movement