Toxic Plants Flashcards
Locoweeds contain the “loco” toxin (____), but also _____ & species that accumulate _____
Swainsonine
Nitrotoxins
High levels of Selenium
What signs do Locoweeds cause affected animals to exhibit?
Classical neurological & pathological sign of Locoism
Lysosomal strorage dz can be cause by locoweeds. What is it, and what does it cause?
Inhibition of a-mannosidase leading to an ACCUMULATION of Oligosaccharides –> Leads to cell SWELLING & DAMAGE
C/S associated w/Locoweeds
Neuro & Repro
- Begin w/depression, dull eyes, incoordination –> Progresses to aberrant behavior (aggression, staggering, solitary behavior, emaciation, & death)
- Can also result in report failure, abortion, birth defects, wt loss
Tx of Locoweed tox
If remove source early –> will recover most of their function
Time dependent cell damage
Contains nicotine like pyridine alkaloids (confine & y-coniceine most imp
Poison hemlock
Contain Piperdine alkaloids (N-methyl ammodendrine & N-acetyl hystrine)
Lupines
Contain anabasine
Nicotiana tabacum/glauca
C/S poison hemlock, lupines, and nicotiana spp
Effects the parasympathetic nervous system
Acute toxicosis poison hemlock, lupines, and nicotiana spp
Frequent urination & defecation Tachycardia Muscle weakness Muscle fasciculations Ataxia, collapse Death due to resp failure Also teratogenic effects
MOA poison hemlock, lupines, and nicotiana spp
–> n-Ach receptors by continuously stimulating leading to down regulation of receptors
Condition characterized by (TQ)
- Skeletal CONTRACTURE -type malformation
- Occasional cleft palates in cattle & goats
Crooked Calf Dz
What causes Crooked Calf Dz (TQ)
Maternal ingestion of toxins (Lupines) –> may not see C/S in the mother
What are the susceptible days for Cleft Palate (CP) and Multiple Congenital Contractors (MCC)
30-50 days CP
50-100 days MCC
More toxic than poison hemlock and very toxic to animals & humans
Water hemlock
Which are more toxic spring plants or mature plants (water hemlock)
Spring plants more toxic than mature plants
MOA for water hemlock vs poison hemlock (TQ)
Water Hemlock: gaba
Poison hemlock: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
MOA water hemlock
Toxin –> Cicutoxin
Interacts w/GABA!!! –> It blocks GABA causing super stimulation of the CNS & acts on the CNS & is thought to block Na & K ion channels
How quickly are C/S of water hemlock seen (TQ)
C/S occur w/in 15 min (rapid onset)
C/S associated w/ water hemlock (TQ)
- Nervousness, twitching of facial muscles, ataxia, generalized tremors, frequent urination, defecation
- Progresses w/in hours to collapse, seizures
- Death due to resp failure or cardio-pulmonary arrest
