Toxi

Question 1

Avoid Quinidine , amiodsrone and flecainide In

Answer 1

Tricyclic AD poisoning

Question 2

Ethanol acts on

Answer 2

Alcohol dehydrogenase

Question 3

Ethylene alcohol poisoning

Answer 3

Haemodialysis……in refractory cases

Question 4

pyrazinamide MOA

Answer 4

converted by pyrazinamidase into pyrazinoic acid, and then P ACID is converted to fatty acid synthase 1

Question 5

ethambutol MOA

Answer 5

inhibits arabinosyl transferase

and polymerises arabinose to arabinan

Question 6

isoniazid moa

Answer 6

inhibits mycolic acid synthesis and inhibits liver enzymes

Question 7

rifampicin

Answer 7

inhibits bacterial DNA dependant RNA polymerase , prevents transscription of DNA into RNA

Question 8

dialysis is ineffective for managing poisoning with which medications

Answer 8

tricyclic antidepressants

Question 9

crack cocaine can cause

Answer 9

sympathomimetic and serotonergic effects

Question 10

mechanism of death through nitric oxide

Answer 10

hypoxia

Question 11

crack cocaine can cause

Answer 11

choreoathetoid movements

Question 12

stimulants like MDMA, amphetamines and cocaine can cause

Answer 12

increased serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline

causes a high feeling of euphoria.

Question 13

mephedrone is another stimulant

Answer 13

also called as meow meow bath salts, M cat.

Question 14

benzodiazepine antidote flumazenil

Answer 14

should not be administered to epileptic patients at high risk of seizures

Question 15

benzo poisoning

Answer 15

GCS goes down, ventilation goes down, immediately deek anaesthetic support

Question 16

heroin does not cause

Answer 16

haematological and neurological symptoms

Question 17

spice can cause( is a synthetic cannabinoid)

Answer 17

ACPC BLIND NYS

agitation confusion psychosis coma

blindness and nystagmus

Question 18

serious complication of nitric oxide toxicity

Answer 18

oxidization of ferrous ions inside haemoglobin molecules to ferric ions causing methmoglobinemia and therefore reduces oxygen carrying capacity of the blood.

Question 19

nitric oxide can precipitate severe

Answer 19

severe B 12 def, causing subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord

Question 20

severe b12 def manifests with which neurological symptoms

Answer 20

ataxia, loss of DTRs, dorsal column signs, upper and lower motor signs, loss of proprioception and vibration, pos babinski, ………………….also called myelosis funicularis.

Question 21

serotonin syndrome vs NMS ( similarities)

Answer 21

Serotonin syndrome is fast onset……NMS is slow

both have pyrexia rigidity (lead pipe rigidity in NMS), and sweating, patients are young, tachycardic and hypertensive,

Question 22

S syndrome vs NMS

Answer 22

SS onset fast, NMS onset: slow

SS: reflexes brisk, NMS refexes are slow

Pupils in SS: are dilated, pupils in NMS: normal

Question 23

drugs causing lung fibrosis

Answer 23

BBAN METH

bleomycin, busulphan, amiodarone, nitrofurantoin, methotrexate, sulfasalazine,

bromocriptine. cabergoline, and pergolide.

Question 24

bromocriptone can excacerbate

Answer 24

Serotonin syndrome,

Question 25

serotonin syndrome causes

Answer 25

MESA maois ecstasy SSRI's amphetamines

Question 26

serotonin syndrome treatment

Answer 26

cyproheptadine

Question 27

NMS treatment

Answer 27

dantrolene

Question 28

organophosphate poisoning

Answer 28

small pupils or miosis. also muscle fasciculation.

Question 29

buspirone , dextromethorphan, phenelzine, are all risk factors for

Answer 29

serotonin syndrome

Question 30

procyclidine is used in the treatment of

Answer 30

acute dystonias and drug induced extrapyramidal symptoms

Question 31

malignant hyperthermia caused by

Answer 31

anaesthetic agents

Question 32

malignant hyperthermia knonw for

Answer 32

muscle rigidity and hyperpyrexia defect see on chromosome 19 inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion

Question 33

malignant hyperthermia is caused by

Answer 33

caused by excessive relsease of ca from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle. defect is on gene 19 that encodes the ryanodine receptor, which controls the ca release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum,

Question 34

malignant hyperthermia vs serotonin syndrome

Answer 34

ck raised diagnoed by contracture tests with halothane and caffeine

Question 35

amiodarone induced thyrotoxicosis.......

Answer 35

type 1 seen in patients with underlying graves disease type 2 seen in patients without underlying thyroid pathology type 2 is the result of a toxic effect on thyroid follicular cells, that causes a destructive thyroiditis, results in an excess relseaes of preformed t3 and t4 into the circulation, patients eventually recover in type 2 after an intial thyrotoxic phase followed by hypotthyroid phase.

Question 36

AIT

Answer 36

treatment for type 1 : potassium perchlorate, or carbimazole , goitre is usually seen in type 2: corticosteroids, goitre is usually absent,