Tox Final exam Nightingale Flashcards
what are the three most frequently prescribed drug classes?
analgesics
antihyperlipidemic agents
antidepressants
what is the generic name of synthroid
levothyroxine sodium
what is the generic name of vicodin, norco
hydrocodon w/ acetaminophen
what is the generic name of lisinopril
prinivil
what is the generic name of lipitor
atorvastatin
what is the generic name of norvasc
amlodipine besylate
what is the generic name of metformin
glucophage
what is the generic name of prilosec
omeprazole
what is the generic name of Zocor
simvastsatin
what is the generic name of proventil HFA
alburterol
what is the generic name of amoxil
amoxicillin
what is the generic name of flovent
fluticasone
what is the classification and use of synthroid
thyroid HRT, hypothyroidism
what is the classification and use of vicodin , Norco
opioid analgesic, pain
what is the classification and use of lisinopril
ace inhibitor
HTN
what is the classification and use of lopressor
beta blocker. HTN
what is the classification and use of lipitor
statin ( HMG Co-A Reductase inhibitors)
High cholesterol
what is the classification and use of norvasic
Ca+ channel blocker
HTN
what is the classification and use of metformin
anti-diabetic
diabetes
what is the classification of prilosec and its use
proton pump inhibitor
acid reflux
what is the classification and use of Zocor
statin ( HMG Co-A Reductase inhibitor)
High Cholesterol
what is the classification and use of proventil HFA
Beta 2 antagonist
Asthma
what is the classification and use of amoxil
antibiotic
bacterial infections
what is the classification and use of flovent
corticosteroid
asthma
what has this mechanism of action?
nhibit prostaglandin synthesis by the activity of COX enzymes 1 and 2
NSAIDs
major side effects of aspirin
nausea vomiting, hearburn, black tarry stools
Reyes syndrome is a side effect of
aspirin
electrolyte imbalances and hemorrhages are side effects of what NSAID
ibuprofen, naproxen
NSAIDs have a risk of severe bleeding where in people over 60
stomach
what is the antidote of opioid overdose
Naloxone
vicodin, narco is a combination of what two things
hydrocodone and acetaminophen
Percocet is a combination of what two things
oxycodone and acetaminophen
tylenol 2 ,3, 4 are combinations of what two things
codeine and acetaminophen
what 4 natural supplements have been proven to be analgesics
capsicum, clove, comfrey, willow bark
how many generations of penicillins are there
4
what is the mechanism of action of penicillins
β-lactam ring binds to and inhibits bacterial enzymes; inhibits cell wall synthesis, eventual bacterial death
what are the major side effects of penicillins
Hypersensitivity reactions,
Major side effects of tetracyclines
tooth discoloration
side effects of fluoroquinolones
possible cartilage or tendon rupture
side effects of antimycobacterial agents
Red-orange body fluids
side effects of the antibiotic Vancomycin
red man syndrome
and good evidence based natural supplement that has antibacterial properties
colloidal silver
SIde effect os Benxodiazepines
Respiratory and CNS depression
if your on a MAOI what must you not eat alot of
tyramine
contraindications for antihistamines
pregnancy or lactation
dehydrated children
children younger than 2
what is the most toxic methylxanthine? and what is the antidote
theophylline
beta blockers are antidote
side effects of potassium channel blockers
Pulmonary toxicity.
what is the leading cause of preventable illness and death in the us
tobacco duh
are full time college students more of less likely to smoke
less
tobacco and cafeine interaction, what happens
speed up the same enzymes
what is the most widely used psychoactive drug in the us
alcohol and the #1 drug problem in america
what is the legal limit in all states
.08
what is the number one rape drug
alcohol
what is the difference in gender bias of illicit drug use vs prescription drug use?
illicit males greater than females
prescription equal use
controlled substances are named by what act
comprehensive drug abuse control act of 1970
1 cause of accidental poisonings
carbon monoxide
what is carbon monoxide often mistaken for
the flu
#2 cause of lung cancer overall 1 cause of lung cancer in non-smokers
radon
generally odorless and flavorless heavy metal toxicity
arsenic
what are the tastes you have with arsenic poisoning
metalic taste
garlic like breath
does cooking get rid of mercury
nope
what mercury containing fish should you avoid
tuna, shark swordfish
what heavy metal causes blue gums
lead
what is the biggest source of aluminum
municipal water supplies
what in agent orange is actually harmful over time
dioxin
where does dioxin accumulate?
fatty tissue of animals
where is the most exposure to dioxins and PCBs to humans found
in their food
what is the second most commonly used pesticide in the us applied most heavily in the midwest
atrazine
what are phthalates and where do they accumulate
used to make plastics like polyvinyl choride PVC
adipose tissue
what is the number 2 prescribed drug
vicodin, narco
zocor and lipitor show what as side effects
elevated liver enzymes ast alt
what is a big dietary side effect of oral antidiabetics
megaloblastic anemia B12
what supplements have strong evidence of being good antacids
calcium and peppermint
when taking antidepressants what should you avoid
tryptophan and St. Johns Wart
talking essential oils, which functional groups are antimicrobial
aldehydes
ketones
when talking essential oils which funtional group is a stimulant
oxides
what essential oils should be avoided by kids under 8.
peppermint, thyme, camphor, sage, and lavandula stoechas
essential oils to be avoided during pregnancy
camphor
cotton lavender
hyssop
who was the earlies to make a regulation about color additives
Kind edward
what three color additives make up 90% of dyes used
red 40
yellow 5
yellow 6
what is the estimated heritability of genes for ADHD
80%
what is special and dangerous about yellow 5 and how it affects us
can affect the brain without crossing the blood brain barrier
