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Toxicology > Tox Final exam Nightingale > Flashcards

Tox Final exam Nightingale Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three most frequently prescribed drug classes?

A

analgesics
antihyperlipidemic agents
antidepressants

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2
Q

what is the generic name of synthroid

A

levothyroxine sodium

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3
Q

what is the generic name of vicodin, norco

A

hydrocodon w/ acetaminophen

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4
Q

what is the generic name of lisinopril

A

prinivil

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5
Q

what is the generic name of lipitor

A

atorvastatin

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6
Q

what is the generic name of norvasc

A

amlodipine besylate

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7
Q

what is the generic name of metformin

A

glucophage

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8
Q

what is the generic name of prilosec

A

omeprazole

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9
Q

what is the generic name of Zocor

A

simvastsatin

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10
Q

what is the generic name of proventil HFA

A

alburterol

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11
Q

what is the generic name of amoxil

A

amoxicillin

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12
Q

what is the generic name of flovent

A

fluticasone

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13
Q

what is the classification and use of synthroid

A

thyroid HRT, hypothyroidism

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14
Q

what is the classification and use of vicodin , Norco

A

opioid analgesic, pain

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15
Q

what is the classification and use of lisinopril

A

ace inhibitor

HTN

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16
Q

what is the classification and use of lopressor

A

beta blocker. HTN

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17
Q

what is the classification and use of lipitor

A

statin ( HMG Co-A Reductase inhibitors)

High cholesterol

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18
Q

what is the classification and use of norvasic

A

Ca+ channel blocker

HTN

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19
Q

what is the classification and use of metformin

A

anti-diabetic

diabetes

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20
Q

what is the classification of prilosec and its use

A

proton pump inhibitor

acid reflux

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21
Q

what is the classification and use of Zocor

A

statin ( HMG Co-A Reductase inhibitor)

High Cholesterol

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22
Q

what is the classification and use of proventil HFA

A

Beta 2 antagonist

Asthma

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23
Q

what is the classification and use of amoxil

A

antibiotic

bacterial infections

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24
Q

what is the classification and use of flovent

A

corticosteroid

asthma

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25
Q

what has this mechanism of action?

nhibit prostaglandin synthesis by the activity of COX enzymes 1 and 2

A

NSAIDs

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26
Q

major side effects of aspirin

A

nausea vomiting, hearburn, black tarry stools

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27
Q

Reyes syndrome is a side effect of

A

aspirin

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28
Q

electrolyte imbalances and hemorrhages are side effects of what NSAID

A

ibuprofen, naproxen

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29
Q

NSAIDs have a risk of severe bleeding where in people over 60

A

stomach

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30
Q

what is the antidote of opioid overdose

A

Naloxone

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31
Q

vicodin, narco is a combination of what two things

A

hydrocodone and acetaminophen

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32
Q

Percocet is a combination of what two things

A

oxycodone and acetaminophen

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33
Q

tylenol 2 ,3, 4 are combinations of what two things

A

codeine and acetaminophen

34
Q

what 4 natural supplements have been proven to be analgesics

A

capsicum, clove, comfrey, willow bark

35
Q

how many generations of penicillins are there

A

4

36
Q

what is the mechanism of action of penicillins

A

β-lactam ring binds to and inhibits bacterial enzymes; inhibits cell wall synthesis, eventual bacterial death

37
Q

what are the major side effects of penicillins

A

Hypersensitivity reactions,

38
Q

Major side effects of tetracyclines

A

tooth discoloration

39
Q

side effects of fluoroquinolones

A

possible cartilage or tendon rupture

40
Q

side effects of antimycobacterial agents

A

Red-orange body fluids

41
Q

side effects of the antibiotic Vancomycin

A

red man syndrome

42
Q

and good evidence based natural supplement that has antibacterial properties

A

colloidal silver

43
Q

SIde effect os Benxodiazepines

A

Respiratory and CNS depression

44
Q

if your on a MAOI what must you not eat alot of

A

tyramine

45
Q

contraindications for antihistamines

A

pregnancy or lactation
dehydrated children
children younger than 2

46
Q

what is the most toxic methylxanthine? and what is the antidote

A

theophylline

beta blockers are antidote

47
Q

side effects of potassium channel blockers

A

Pulmonary toxicity.

48
Q

what is the leading cause of preventable illness and death in the us

A

tobacco duh

49
Q

are full time college students more of less likely to smoke

A

less

50
Q

tobacco and cafeine interaction, what happens

A

speed up the same enzymes

51
Q

what is the most widely used psychoactive drug in the us

A

alcohol and the #1 drug problem in america

52
Q

what is the legal limit in all states

A

.08

53
Q

what is the number one rape drug

A

alcohol

54
Q

what is the difference in gender bias of illicit drug use vs prescription drug use?

A

illicit males greater than females

prescription equal use

55
Q

controlled substances are named by what act

A

comprehensive drug abuse control act of 1970

56
Q

1 cause of accidental poisonings

A

carbon monoxide

57
Q

what is carbon monoxide often mistaken for

A

the flu

58
Q 
#2 cause of lung cancer overall 
1 cause of lung cancer in non-smokers
A

radon

59
Q

generally odorless and flavorless heavy metal toxicity

A

arsenic

60
Q

what are the tastes you have with arsenic poisoning

A

metalic taste

garlic like breath

61
Q

does cooking get rid of mercury

A

nope

62
Q

what mercury containing fish should you avoid

A

tuna, shark swordfish

63
Q

what heavy metal causes blue gums

A

lead

64
Q

what is the biggest source of aluminum

A

municipal water supplies

65
Q

what in agent orange is actually harmful over time

A

dioxin

66
Q

where does dioxin accumulate?

A

fatty tissue of animals

67
Q

where is the most exposure to dioxins and PCBs to humans found

A

in their food

68
Q

what is the second most commonly used pesticide in the us applied most heavily in the midwest

A

atrazine

69
Q

what are phthalates and where do they accumulate

A

used to make plastics like polyvinyl choride PVC

adipose tissue

70
Q

what is the number 2 prescribed drug

A

vicodin, narco

71
Q

zocor and lipitor show what as side effects

A

elevated liver enzymes ast alt

72
Q

what is a big dietary side effect of oral antidiabetics

A

megaloblastic anemia B12

73
Q

what supplements have strong evidence of being good antacids

A

calcium and peppermint

74
Q

when taking antidepressants what should you avoid

A

tryptophan and St. Johns Wart

75
Q

talking essential oils, which functional groups are antimicrobial

A

aldehydes

ketones

76
Q

when talking essential oils which funtional group is a stimulant

A

oxides

77
Q

what essential oils should be avoided by kids under 8.

A

peppermint, thyme, camphor, sage, and lavandula stoechas

78
Q

essential oils to be avoided during pregnancy

A

camphor
cotton lavender
hyssop

79
Q

who was the earlies to make a regulation about color additives

A

Kind edward

80
Q

what three color additives make up 90% of dyes used

A

red 40
yellow 5
yellow 6

81
Q

what is the estimated heritability of genes for ADHD

A

80%

82
Q

what is special and dangerous about yellow 5 and how it affects us

A

can affect the brain without crossing the blood brain barrier

Toxicology (1 decks)

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