ToV Flashcards
What were the terms of the ToV?
Guilt: Article 231 appointed blame.
Arms restrictions: Army (100,000 soldiers), Navy (6 battleships, 15,000 sailors & no submarines), demilitarized Rhineland.
Reparations: 6.6 billion pounds,
German Territory: Alsace Lorraine to France, Danzig to Poland, West Prussia & Posen form Polish corridor.
LE: League of the Nations established.
When was the ToV signed?
28th June 1919
Which 2 new countries were made from the treaty signings?
Czechoslovakia & Yugoslavia
Which areas did Poland get land from?
West Prussia & Posen
What happened to all of Germany’s colonies
They were given to the LoN as mandates
What were the main problems with the LoN
useless without military, structurally insufficient & confusing, unanimous vote required, ’mandates’ seen as colonialist, membership problems: US, Germany, USSR absent.
What type of peace did Lloyd-George want?
A compromise peace
What did each member of the Big 3 want the league to be like?
Lloyd-George wanted it to be a place were emergency meetings took place
Wilson wanted it to be an International parliament
Clemenceau wanted the league to be it’s own entity with an army
What were the Germans who signed the ToV named?
The November Criminals
What effects did WW1 have on Germany?
farmers were recruited in army>disruptive
by 1918 only 50% milk production, 60% meat and butter production of pre-war levels
potato supply run out 1916-1917
hunger and disease kill ¾ million Germans
What negative effects did the ToV have on Germany?
TOV led to rise of Hitler as army crippled = cruel, genocidal regime, defeated nation’s disadvantage was exploited so vengeance was probable, treaty ignored it, bound to fail. Some were ineffective such as Treaty of Sevres which were re-drawn after 3 years failed to maintain peace.
How far did weakness in the League’s organization make failure inevitable?
The Permanent court of justice did not have means of influence, could only give advice.
US absent, weakened economic sanctions.
Absence of army meant that LON relied on major powers’ help which led to Britain and France pursuing their own interests.
Why was the League’s failure inevitable?
It was not inevitable, serious successes with humanitarian work, undermined by the decision of weak, selfish, imperialist leaders, great depression encouraged pursuit of self-interest and made failure inevitable.
What were Italy’s motives in Abyssinia?
Revenge for 1896 when Italy was defeated by tribesmen in Abyssinia, victory = good propaganda during great depression, more resources and market to resolve economic disarray
Why did disarmament fail?
Only Germany expected to disarm - unfair basis
No one was serious about it. France blatantly ignored the covenant
