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Geography > Tourism KQ2 > Flashcards

Tourism KQ2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Growth in Tourism : Developments in Technology

Better and Affordable Transport

A

Point: Development in technology has led to better transport

Key idea:
People are willing to travel (because of greater safety and shorter travelling time)
People are able to travel and can do so more frequently (because of shorter travelling time)

Explanation :

  • Developments in technology has led to greater improvements in safety, shorter travelling time, and lower travelling costs for the average person
  • the rise in budget airlines have made travlling more affordable as they use smaller and fuel-efficient aircraft. This has led to the rise in opening up many short-haul destinations
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2
Q

Growth in Tourism : Developments in Technology

Better and Affordable Transport - example

A

For example, an airplane today can fly to London in 12 hours while a flight in the 1950 would take 2-4 days with multiple stops.

Budget airlines like Jestar Asia, Tiger Airways, Scoot Airways have opened more destination routes like Nothern THailand, Bhutan, Pacific Islands and offering it at a cheaper price by selling their tickets online

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3
Q

Growth in Tourism : Developments in Technology

Ease of Access to Information

A

Point: Development in technology has led to lower travelling cost for the average person
Key idea:
People are able to travel and can do so more frequently (because it is more affordable now)
Explaination :
- Tourist related information is readily available online for travelers to do research on their destinations, andit gives them more options and control in their travel.
- Online Booking and Research :
More straightforward process of ticket purchase without a travel agent
Attain more information of their destination (attractions, cultural practices, train
schedules etc)

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4
Q

Growth in Tourism : Developments in Technology

Ease of Access to Information - example

A
  • Information from media reports, travel blogs are easily accessible on the internet.
  • Guidebooks or e-Guidebooks are widely available
  • Some websites allow for booking of packages include airline ticket and accomodation such as notels.com, Expedia, Agoda.
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5
Q

Growth in Tourism : Demand factors

Disposable Income

A

Point: Increasing disposable income has led to increasing demand for travel

  • Disposable income refers to the amount of income left after taxes have been paid.
  • Disposable income has been increasing globally due rapid economic growth.
  • The growth in income allows people to spend more on goods and services, including leisure activity like overseas travel.

Key idea:
People are able to travel (because they can afford to)

Explanation :

  • Disposable income is the amount of income left after taxes have been paid
  • Disposable income has been increasing globally due a rapid economic growth.
  • The growth in income allows people to spend more on goods & services, including time for leisure
  • Many from the middle-income groups able to travel overseas
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6
Q

Growth in Tourism : Demand factors

Disposable Income - example

A
  • many locals from china and india are incraesingly in tourism as their disposable incomes grow
  • united nations world tourism organisation (UNWTO) quoted that the Chinese are the top tourist source market in the world in 2012, and have increased greatly ever since.
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7
Q

Growth in tourism : demand factors

Leisure time

A

Point : Increasing leisure time has led to increasing demand for travel

Key Idea : People are able to travel (because they have the time to do so)

Explaination :

  • In many DCs and LDCs, since the 1950s people in all income groups have enjoyed shorter working weeks, more public holidays, and more annual paid leave
  • this increased the availability of leisure time, allowing more people to travel.
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8
Q

Growth in tourism : Demand Factors

Leisure Time - Example

A
  • Australia : Schemes available to allow employees to exchange paid overtime work for leave
  • Canada : Increase in additional breaks and extended weekends.
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9
Q

Growth in Tourism : Destination Factors

Attractions

A

Point : Attractons has made destinations more attractive to travellers

Key Idea : People want to travel (because they are attracted to the destination)

Explaination :

  • an attraction is a feature or a quality that makes a place interesting or enjoyable. It can be natural or man-made attractions
  • Increased investment in building and maintaining places of attraction continues to make it attractive to travellers
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10
Q

Growth in Tourism : Destination Factors

Attractions - example

A
  • dubai experienced a rapid increase in tourism, it received more than 9 million travellers in 2011, with tourists mainly visiting for shopping, business, and entertainment purposes. Attractions include a wide range of facilities and luxury outlets, MICE facilities and luxury hotels, and large scale architectural and engineering projects
  • Famous attractions include the Burh Al Arab, a seven star luxury hotel built on an artificial island, and the Palm Islands, the world’s largest artificial islands or high-end residential, leisure and entertainment facilities
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11
Q

Growth in Tourism : Destination factors

Investment in infrastructure and services

A

Point : Investment in infrastructure and services have made destinations more attractive to travellers

Key Idea : People are willing ad want to travel (because there are good facilities
and services to enjoy)

Explaination :
- Infrastructure includes transport and communication networks, electricity stability and supply, sustems for water and waste disposal
-> Airports have to be able to manage and cope with the growth in air passenger
traffic, road and railway links to increase ease of access
-> Accommodation must also cater to the needs of the tourists, open to all income
groups, ranging from backpacking hostels to luxury hotels
-> Services include food outlets, entertainment (concert, shows), telecommunication (wifi provision, cellular connectivity), trained personnel (travel guides, drivers, restaurant services and hotel services)

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12
Q

Growth in Tourism : Destination Factors

Investment in Infrastructure and services - example

A
  • Southeast Asia experience rapid growth in international tourist arrivals in the last three decades, hence airport development has been rapid. Therefore, Changi Airport, Singapore, opened Terminal 4 in 2017 to increase the capacity to manage more aircrafts and passangers
  • Hong Kong added 49 hotels between 2012 and 2016 to accommodate the potential rise in visitors from 42 to 70 million annual visitors
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13
Q

Growth in Tourism : Destination Factors

Access to Information

A

Point : Access to information has made destinations more attractive to travellers
Key Idea : People are willing to travel (because they feel confident of travelling around without much difficulty; they can travel around easily because they have sufficient information to do so)

Expaination :

  • Tourists are more attracted to destinations where information can be easily obtained, such as transport routes, weather conditions, schedules, and accomodation
  • The information must also be in a language that the travellers can understand
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14
Q

Drop in Tourism : Disasters

A

Point : DIsasters can cause tourism acitivty to decline

Explaination L

  • disasters can damage property, cause injuries or the loss of lives
  • tourists often avoid detinations affected by disasters due to safety risks and destruction/disruption to tourist related infrastructure and services (e.g. Hotels, Airports, Telecommunication lines)
  • Authorities may issue travel advisories against travelling to such places
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15
Q

Drop in Tourism : DIsasters - example

A
  • The 2011 March Tohoku earthquake and tsunami saw a sharp decline in the number of international tourists to JApan, of 28% to 6.2 million arrivals
  • Singapore’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs advised against non-essential travel to the affected areas in Japan (due to the nuclear leak situation)
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16
Q

Drop in Tourism : Recessions

A

Point : REcessions can cause tourism activity to decline
Explaination :
- recession refer to a period of econommic slowdown
- during a recession, many people experience job losee, or a loss in income
- the decline in income causes people to cut down on spending on goods and services
- therefore people are less likely to travel during economic recessions

  • alternatively, they may choose less expensive destinations, or spend less on food and accommodation when they travel.
  • recessions often encourage domestic tourism as in becomes a more affordable option. Tourist’s organisation also promote domestic tourism as it encourages people to contribute to their own country’s economy
17
Q

Drop in Tourism : Recessions - example

A

Europe’s top destinations, such as France experience a decline tourists in 2009 because of the Global Financial Crisis 2007-2008

18
Q

Drop in Tourism : Unfavourabe political situations

A

Point : Conflict can cause tourism activity to decline

Explaination :

  • Political conflict may result in (civil) wars
  • Political conflicts can pose a danger to tourists
  • They also disrupt services and cause damage to infrastructure, causing tousits to postpone or cancel their travelling plans.
  • Countries also need time to rebuild damaged infrastructure, and to rebuild their reputation as a reliable and attractive tourist destination
  • Authorities may issue travel advisories against travelling to such places
19
Q

Drop in Tourism : Unfavourable political situations - example

A
  • travel advisories and travel bans were issued to those travelling to libya due to a civil war. Between March to October 2011, Commercial airlines reduced or stopped their flights to Libya.
  • The Arab Spring Uprising in Egypt cause a sharp decline in international tourist arrivals, from 14.7 million tourists in 2010, to 9.8 million tourists in 2011.
20
Q

Drop in Tourism : Diseases

A

Point : Outbreak of diseases can cause tourism activity to decline

Explanation :

  • OUtbreak of diseases refers to the sudden and widespread occurence of disease in an area
  • this causes a huge drop in tourist arricals because tourists do not want to risk getting infexted with a contagious disease
  • authorities may issue travel advisories against travelling to such places
21
Q

Drop in Tourism : Diseases - example

A
  • in 2003, the SARS outbreak spred over 6 months, causing 775 deaths and infected more than 8,000 people in 25 countries.
  • SARS devastated Singapore’s Tourism sector, with a decline of 70%
  • In 2007, the major H1N1 influenza outbreak in USA, Mexico, and Spain, resulted in a widespread cacellation of holiday bookings to Mexico.

Geography (7 decks)

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