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Tourism Ch 1,2,3,12 > Tourism Ch. 1,2,3,12 > Flashcards

Tourism Ch. 1,2,3,12 Flashcards

1
Q

domestic traveller

A

someone who travels at least 80 km from home but is still in the country and stays at least 24 hours

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2
Q

multiplier effect

A

tourism businesses are integrally connected and because of this, every dollar spent or not spent will cause a ripple effect throughout this sector

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3
Q

deficit

A

every time a country’s resident leaves their country for vacations, their tourism dollars are lost to their residing country

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4
Q

trip

A

any travel that takes a person more than 80 km from their home for any reason other than to commute to work, school or emergency medical treatment

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5
Q

excursionist

A

someone that travels at least 80 km from their place of residence and stays less than 24 hours and are not commuting to work or school

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6
Q

leakage

A

when a community cannot support the growing influx of tourists and must import workers and goods in order to sustain them

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7
Q

8 components of the tourism sector

A

travel services, adventure tourism and outdoor recreation, events, attractions, food & beverages, accommodations, transportation, tourism services

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8
Q

major events that have caused tourism to decline

A

terrorist attacks, war, natural disaster, health

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9
Q

le grand tour

A

English nobility send sons to Europe for education

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10
Q

Name the 3 major civilizations that dominated the world between 4800 BCE - 300 CE and how they have provided for the advancement of travel

A

Egyptians: centralized government and built along a river (the Nile)

Greeks: travelled for education and for way of life

Romans: built roads when forming colonies, created universal coinage

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11
Q

who were the Sumerians and Phoenicians

A

Sumerians: first to develop coinage used as payment

Phoenicians: responsible for creating water maps

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12
Q

5 sub-sectors determined by NAICS

A
  • food and beverage
  • accommodations
  • transportation
  • travel services
  • entertainment and recreation

think FATE

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13
Q

foreign tourist

A

a person visiting a country other than that in which they usually reside for a period of at least 24 hours

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14
Q

push factors and pull factors

A

push factors: internal forces, needs, motivations, ways of thinking (eg. adventure, challenge, prestige, rest)

pull factors: external things that draw guests to destination (eg. people, places, activities, celebrities, friends)

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15
Q

midcentrics

A

travel to obtain a break in their routine, not likely to choose a vacation that deprives them of the basic comforts of life

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16
Q

psychocentrics

A

armchair travellers; prefer to travel to places that feel like home

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17
Q

allocentric

A

risk takers, innovators

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18
Q

demographics

A

age, occupation, education, income level and marital status

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19
Q

psychographics

A

personality, behaviours, likes, dislikes

20
Q

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

A
  • self-actualizations: work on achieving one’s full potential (self-guided tours, building Homes for Humanity)
  • ego/self esteem: the need to feel special/important (trip to see a special event like the Olympics, or the need for special service)
  • social needs: most common motivator (visiting friends and family)
  • safety: tourists must feel safe
  • physiological: simple motivations (break from the cold, stress, work)
21
Q

McIntosh and Goeldner’s four basic motivation categories

A

physical motivators, cultural motivators, interpersonal motivators, status and prestige motivators

22
Q

physical motivators

A

directly related to health (sports, relaxation, health treatment)

23
Q

cultural motivators

A

desire to learn more about the music, architecture, food, art, folklore, religion of other people

24
Q

interpersonal motivators

A

strongest motivator (2 extremes: visit friends and family and getting away from friends and family)

25
Q

status and prestige motivators

A

ego/self-esteem factors; need for recognition, attention, appreciation

26
Q

why are disabled travellers important for tourism?

A
  • they spend over $81.7 million on travel products annually

- 75% eat out at least once a week

27
Q

8 barriers to travel

A
  • cost
  • lack of time
  • accessibility/distance/ease of travel
  • health and disabilities
  • travel tastes and experience
  • education (the higher the level of education, the higher the likeliness to travel)
  • age
  • fear (fear of change, places, flight)
28
Q

tourism illiteracy

A

lack of understanding the benefits tourism brings to a community

29
Q

10 benefits of tourism

A
  • economic diversity
  • cultural preservation
  • better choices in entertainment, shopping, food service
  • enhanced travel
  • area beautification
  • tax revenues
  • foreign capital
  • recreational and educational facilities
  • modernization
  • favorable world image
30
Q

9 barriers to travel acceptance

A
  • crime and unwanted behaviour
  • air, water, land, noise pollution
  • congestion of roadways, parks, shopping areas, rec centers, attractions
  • local resentment
  • inflation
  • seasonality
  • leakage
  • increases in the cost of services
  • diversion of government funds
31
Q

What are the stages of G.V. Doxey’s index of tourist irritation?

A
  1. euphoria
  2. apathy
  3. irritation
  4. antagonism
  5. final level
32
Q

what does Industry Canada do?

A

responsible for overall well-being of tourism sector

33
Q

10 human resource challenges, issues, and concerns in tourism

A
  • industry image
  • unskilled labor
  • poor training practices
  • poor attitudes/self image
  • high turnover
  • shrinking labor pool
  • demand for qualified labor
  • poorly trained managers
  • language barriers
  • lack of recognition for institutional training
34
Q

emerit program

A

program offered by CTHRC to make training easily accessible from home computer for over 60 different occupations

35
Q

Tourism Education Councils (TEC)

A

series of studies undertaken between 1983-1990 focusing on human resource needs and challenges for the tourism sector that led to:

  • developing occupational standard for each occupation
  • training programs to ensure each standard was taught and created a system for certifying qualified people who passed
36
Q

6 key factors to a TDA’s success

A
  1. identify sense of place
  2. ensure the product/market match fits
  3. clustering facilities
  4. creating good transportation systems
  5. creating positive partnerships within the community
  6. maintaining/restoring the environment
37
Q

5 essential components of a tourist destination

A
  • hospitality of host
  • infrastructure
  • natural resource
  • good transportation system
  • suprastructure

think HINTS

38
Q

qualitative methods

A

use of experts and their accumulated experience and knowledge to predict the likely outcome of events

39
Q

quantitative methods

A

the analysis of numerical data, current and historical, to help determine the future

40
Q

the 5 areas to take inventory of in the first step of the planning process

A

political atmosphere, social atmosphere, physical atmosphere, infrastructure and suprastructure (product capacity), economic environment

41
Q

8 steps of the planning process

A
  1. inventory (political atmosphere, social atmosphere, physical atmosphere, infrastructure and suprastructure, economic environment)
  2. forecast trends
  3. create a vision statement, mission statement, objectives and goals
  4. alternative plans of action
  5. select a preferred alternative
  6. develop a strategy to reach goals
  7. implement plan
  8. review, evaluate, revise, continue
42
Q

8 things that make tourism unique

A
  • intangible
  • costly
  • highly perishable
  • can’t be stored or altered
  • fixed supply
  • highly seasonal
  • curbed by time restraints
  • quality of product depends on factors that are beyond the control of the producer/seller
43
Q

7 factors that hinder tourism growth

A
  • concern for ecosystem
  • financial concerns
  • tourism illiteracy
  • seasonality
  • lack of trained personnel
  • transportation costs
  • poor product packaging/lack of integrated market plan
44
Q

4 steps to a destination life cycle

A
  1. concept
  2. building
  3. maturity
  4. decline
45
Q

4 P’s of marketing mix

A

price, product, place, promotion

46
Q

tourism code of ethics

A

concept that is taught to all employees early on to ensures the importance of safety and enjoyment in tourism

47
Q

8 issues causing concern in tourism

A
  • transportation
  • role of parks, historic sites, crown lands
  • evolving role of Canada Customs and immigration
  • tax issue
  • training of tourism workers
  • financing the future of tourism
  • aboriginal tourism

Tourism Ch 1,2,3,12 (1 decks)

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