Tourism Flashcards
What are the different types of tourism?
leisure - beach, city breaks, adventure or cultural
VFR - visiting friends or relatives
business - meeting and conferences
What are the social reasons for the growth in the tourist industry?
- computerised booking systems - more accessible
- advertising on the internet
- more holidays given, 24 in 2007 to 28 in 2009
- package holidays with flight, accommodation, food at a set price
What are the economic reasons for growth in the tourist industry?
two-income families, 60% of women were working in 2008
fewer children, 2 in 1971 compared to 1.8 today
journey times are reduced and flights are more comfortable
more disposable income
minimum age raised from £5.80 in 2009 to £7.20 in 2016
What are the political reasons for a growth in the tourist industry?
relaxation of border control - free movement of EU members
reforms - e.g. dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991
policies to enhance tourism - tourism provides 7.4% of UK jobs
What are the physical attractions of a tourist destination?
weather
scenery
clean, sandy beaches
ski slopes
What are some human attractions of a tourist destinations?
retail
tourist attractions/landmarks e.g. Eiffel Tower
ski lifts
hotels and restaurants
How has Blackpool changed in relation to the Butler Model?
exploration - only rich people visited Blackpool for its beaches
involvement - railways provided cheap travel, so working class could visit (1846)
development - tower, promenade and arcades built, workers granted holidays
consolidation - workers given payed holiday, permanent residents rose to 150,000, Pleasure Beach built, known as Europe’s leading coastal resort
stagnation - during and after WW2 people had less money to spend, growth reduced
decline - cheap air travel, people preferred the warmth of the Mediterranean, package holiday became popular in the 60s
rejuvenation - new attractions at pleasure beach, £10 million invested improving the illuminations
What are the positive social impacts of tourism?
local crafts/products can be sold
edutainment - bamboo orchestra of Kukekyukeku tribe in Ghana helps preserve culture and reduces stereotypes
health - life expectancy in the Maldives has raised from 47 to 78 between 1977 and 2010, due to increased wealth from tourism
education - literacy increased in the Netherland Antilles due to schools being built with money from tourism
What are the negative social impacts of tourism?
cultural clash - in Islamic countries, e.g. Zanzibar, residents are often offended by what tourists wear
loss of culture - e.g. in Bali traditional dances have lost their significance as tourism increased
seasonal employment - in England and Wales there are 50000 more jobs in summer
buying second homes - causes house prices to rise and forces young residents to move away from the area
What are the positive economic and environmental impacts of tourism?
57.6% of employment in the Maldives is from tourism
raises national income
money from tourism can be used to help preserve wildlife and national parks
raises awareness for the environmental issues in countries
What are the negative economic and environmental impacts of tourism?
foreign owned companies leads to profits being moved abroad
some tourists resorts are focused around one resorts so locals often don’t benefit
habitat clearance to build resorts
overuse and pollution of water leaves locals without sufficient water
destruction of coral reefs through snorkelling and diving
What are the positive impacts of Wright Nature Centre in Trinidad and Tobago?
only 10% of the resort is available to tourists, the rest is to preserve wildlife
on site recycling and reuse water
more than 50 local staff live and work on the estate
food is supplied by local farmers
staff get training and can get interest free loans for building/renovation of homes
