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Alimentary Year 2 > Tour of The Alimentary Canal > Flashcards

Tour of The Alimentary Canal Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four functions of the digestive system?

A

Digestion
Secretion
Absorption
Motility

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2
Q

What are the three salivary glands called?

A

Sublingual (superior), Submandibular (inferior), Parotid (posterior)

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3
Q

Where foodstuffs are broken down by chewing; saliva added as lubricant

A

Mouth

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4
Q

Conduit between mouth + stomach

A

Oesophagus

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5
Q

The conduit between the mouth and stomach

A

Oesophagus

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6
Q

Location where proteins are digested; foodstuffs reduced to liquid form; storage and sterilisation occurs

A

Stomach

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7
Q

Produces and secretes digestive enzymes for fat, carbohydrates and proteins

A

Pancreas

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8
Q

Forms bile salts and amphipathic molecules which emulsifies and absorbs fat in the small intestine

A

Liver

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9
Q

Stores and concentrates bile

A

Gallbladder

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10
Q

Where the final stages of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption occurs

A

Small intestine

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11
Q

Site of water absorption, bacterial fermentation and faecal formation

A

Large intestine

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12
Q

What are the four functions of the stomach?

A

Protein digestion
Liquifying foodstuffs
Storage
Sterilisation

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13
Q

For every 8-9L which enters the body how much of it leaves it?

A

200ml

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14
Q

What is the approximate length of the GI tract (Oesophagus to rectum)?

A

Approx 8m

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15
Q

What are the four distinct layers (tunics) of the GI tract called?

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis Externa
Adventitia/Serosa

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16
Q

What are the three layers of the mucosa?

A

Epithelium
Lamina Propria
Muscularis Mucosae

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17
Q

When is it adventitia and when is it Serosa?

A

Adventitia is located outside the peritoneal cavity whereas the Serosa is located within
(Adventitia is the upper/proximal 2/3rds of the Oesophagus whilst lower/distal 1/3rd is Serosa)

18
Q

Where are the two intramural plexuses?

A

Myenteric Plexus/Auerbach’s (between circular and longitudinal muscles in Muscularis externa)
Submucosal Plexus/Meissner’s plexus (between Muscularis externa + submucosa)

19
Q

What is the epithelial lining in the Mouth, Oesophagus, anal canal

A

Stratified Squamous NON-KERATINISED epithelium

20
Q

What is the epithelial lining of the stomach, small and large intestine

A

Simple columnar epithelium

21
Q

What are the three functions of the mucosa

A
  1. A barrier dividing the intestinal lumen from the body
  2. Synthesis and secretion of digestive enzymes, hormones + mucus
  3. Absorbs products of digestion
22
Q

What are the two layers of the Muscularis externa?

A

Circular muscle (constricts the lumen)
Longitudinal muscle (shortens tube)

23
Q

What forms the enteric nervous system (ENS)?

A

Submucosal + myenteric plexuses

24
Q

What are the two ways autonomic control affects the alimentary canal?

A

Long Parasympathetic (afferent to CNS)
Short ENS reflexes (both afferent + efferent, reflex in Submucosal + myenteric plexus)

25
Q

What is the main nerve controlling the parasympathetic response of the alimentary system

A

Vagus nerve (X)

26
Q

What two nerves control salivation?

A

Facial (VII) and glossopharyngeal (IX) (both are sympathetic)

27
Q

What action does the vagus have on the alimentary system?

A

Stimulatory:

1) increases secretion
2) increases motility

28
Q

How is the alimentary system sympathetically innervated?

A

Via the splanchnic nerve

29
Q

What action does the sympathetic nervous system have on the alimentary system?

A

Inhibition:
1) inhibits secretion
2) inhibits motility

30
Q

What branch of the abdominal aorta supplies the stomach, pancreas, liver and proximal small intestine?

A

Coeliac trunk

31
Q

What organs does the coeliac trunk supply?

A

stomach
pancreas
liver
proximal small intestine

32
Q

What branch of the abdominal aorta does supplies the caecum, ascending colon, transverse colon and distal small intestine?

A

Superior mesenteric artery

33
Q

What organs does the superior mesenteric artery supply?

A

Caecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, distal small intestine

34
Q

What branch of the abdominal aorta supplies the descending colon, sigmoid colon and rectum?

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

35
Q

What organs does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?

A

descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum

36
Q

What veins drain the stomach?

A

Gastric vein

37
Q

What vein drains the pancreas?

A

Splenic vein

38
Q

What vein drains the caecum, small intestine, ascending colon, transverse colon

A

Superior mesenteric vein

39
Q

Vein which drains the descending colon, sigmoid colon and rectum

A

Inferior mesenteric vein

40
Q

Vein which drains the gastric veins, splenic vein, superior and inferior mesenteric veins

A

Hepatic portal vein

41
Q

Hepatic portal vein ==> ______ ====> ______

A

Hepatic portal vein ===> Hepatic vein ====> inferior vena cava

42
Q

What is the nutrient content and oxygenation of the blood in the hepatic portal vein, hepatic vein and inferior vena cava?

A

hepatic portal vein: low O2, high nutrient
Hepatic vein: High O2, low nutrient
Inferior vena cava: High O2, High nutrient

Alimentary Year 2 (3 decks)

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