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Biology in Practice Foundation UWE > Tour around the Cell > Flashcards

Tour around the Cell Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two types of cells

A
  1. Prokaryotic

2. Eukaryotic

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2
Q

Which two domains contain only prokaryotic organisms

A
  1. Bacteria

2. Archaea

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3
Q

What are the 4 basic features of all cells

A
  1. Plasma Membrane
  2. Semifluid substance called cytosol
  3. Chromosomes (DNA coding for genes)
  4. Ribosomes (Make proteins)
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4
Q

What are the characteristics of a prokaryotic cell

A

Single celled organisms lack a nucleus and internal membrane-bound organelles

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5
Q

What are the characteristics of eukaryotic cells

A

DNA in a nucleus that is bounded by a membranous nuclear envelope and membrane bound organelles

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6
Q

What are the 3 types of microscopes

A
  1. Light microscope
  2. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
  3. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
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7
Q

What are the 3 things that affect mage quality

A
  1. Magnification - the ratio of an object’s image size to its real size
  2. Resolution - the measure of the clarity of the image, or the minimum distance of two distinguishable points
  3. Contrast - visible differences in parts of the sample
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8
Q

How does a scanning electron microscope work

A

A beam of electrons is focussed onto the surface of a specimen, providing images that look 3D

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9
Q

How does a transmission electron microscope work

A

A beam of electrons are focussed through a specimen

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10
Q

Describe the process of studying organelle function

A
  1. Cell fractionation - the cell is broken apart and the major organelles are separated from one another
  2. Ultracentrifugation - cells are fractionated into their component parts
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11
Q

What is the plasma membrane

A

The plasma membrane is a selective barrier that allows sufficient passage of oxygen, nutrients, and waste to service the volume of every cell

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12
Q

What is the general structure of a biological membrane

A

A double layer of phospholipids

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13
Q

What does the nucleus contain most of in a eukaryotic cell

A

DNA

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14
Q

What do ribosomes use to make proteins

A

Information from DNA

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15
Q

What is the nuclear envelope

A

A double membrane that encloses the nucleus, separating it from the cytoplasm. Each membrane consists of a lipid bilayer

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16
Q

What do DNA and proteins form in the nucleus

A

Genetic material called chromatin

17
Q

What does chromatin condense to form

A

Discrete chromosomes

18
Q

What is the nucleolus and where is it located

A

Within the nucleus and is the site of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis

19
Q

What is the overall function of mitochondria and chloroplasts

A

To change energy from one form to another

20
Q

What are mitochondria the site of

A

Cellular respiration, a metabolic process that generates ATP

21
Q

What are chloroplasts the site of

A

The site of photosynthesis

22
Q

Name 3 properties of mitochondria and chloroplasts

A
  1. Have a double membrane
  2. Have proteins made by free ribosomes
  3. Contain their own DNA
23
Q

What are the two compartments formed by the inner membrane of mitochondria

A
  1. Intermembrane space

2. Mitochondrial matrix

24
Q

What is a property of cristae that make them efficient for the synthesis of ATP

A

A large surface area

25
Q

What are peroxisomes

A

Specialised metabolic compartments bounded by a single membrane

26
Q

What are ribosomes made of

A

Ribosomal RNA and protein

27
Q

Where do ribosomes carry out protein synthesis

A
  1. In the cytosol (free ribosomes)

2. On the outside of the endoplasmic reticulum or the nuclear envelope (bound ribosomes on the RER)

28
Q

Where do ribosomes carry out protein synthesis

A
  1. In the cytosol (free ribosomes)

2. On the outside of the endoplasmic reticulum or the nuclear envelope (bound ribosomes on the RER)

29
Q

What are the components of the endomembrane system

A
  1. Nuclear envelope
  2. Endoplasmic reticulum
  3. Golgi apparatus
  4. Lysosomes
  5. Vacuoles
  6. Plasma membrane

Biology in Practice Foundation UWE (1 decks)

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