Totalitarianism

Question 1

Characteristics of Totalitarianism

Answer 1

• Dynamic Leader to galvanise the people
• One-party Rule (outlaw all other parties)
• Ideology of submission to the state (everything should be completely about the state itself not the individual, every decision people make should be to make the state better
• control of individuals lives
• control all aspects of society
• Use sophisticated methods of enforcement (spies KGB)
• Use technology to solidify control (Radio)

Question 2

Fascia Italy
Benito Mussolini (1920s)

Answer 2

Set up non military but military like group called the black shirts. Ex soldiers and students who liked unrestrained violence.
Used them by 1921, (2000) people to deliberately create disorder so he can present fascist solutions of order.
Middle class flocked to his side, 

By 1925, italy is completely a totalitarian state
by 1929 Pope endorsed Mussolini (Latvian Pact)

Although Mussolini didn’t control everything
Monarchy still was in place
Armed forces was independant
Claimed to represent the workers but mostly represented Business interest

Question 3

Nazi Germany

Answer 3

• Great depression.
• Attacked treaty of versailles and terrority loss there
• attacked communists
• attacked jews

Nazi party gained traction.
President Hindenburg appointed Hitler chancellor to keep his enemies close (1933)

By februrary 1933 The fire started in the Reichstag building, the assembly location of the German Parliament.

Gave Hitler fear to work off of
got 85% of the vote, legally by the constitution and majority support of people.

Consolidate power by eliminating unemployment and becomes propaganda machine
Controlling press and radio
Mass meetings to excite crowd, convinced country nazi party had answer to all problems
Even changed the national flag to the nazi symbol

1934, Hitler uses Gestapo to purge threats in his party.
Promised Catholic church independence if they turned a blind eye to anti semitism.

Question 4

Stalin’s Russia

Answer 4

loss of President Lenin
Power struggle Stalin Vs Trotsky 1924
Stalin wanted socialism in Russia, Trotsky wanted international socialism
Stalin exiles and kills Trotsky.
Stalin wanted to advance Russia industrially
Took control of farms, food was being moved into he city
million peasants died of starvation

From 1934 - Purges

established Union of soviet socialist republics

Most pure totalitarian regime. Control of economy.

All of these countries had previously strong monarchies.