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tot lol Flashcards

1
Q

in analiza ELISA, enzimele utilizate sunt:

A

POD (HRP)
PA (fosfataza alcalina)
GOD

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2
Q

ELISA:

substrat si produs pentru HRP:

A

OPD (orto phenilen diamina) - p portocaliu, 490 nm

TMB (tetrametil benzidina) - galben , 450 nm

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3
Q

ELISA:

substrat si produs pentru PA:

A

PNP (para nitrofenil fosfat) - galben, 405 nm

Metil umbeliferil fosfat - metil umbeliferona, 365 - 445 nm.

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4
Q

ce e PSA si metoda de obtinere

A

Prostate Specific Ag - cancer de prostata - metoda Sandwich

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5
Q

Hormonul sarcinii

A

hCG - gonadotropina corionica umana

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6
Q

NAD

A

nicotinamid adenin dinucleotid - coenzima dehidrogenari

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7
Q

PLP

A

piridoxal fosfat - coenzima (decarboxilari)

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8
Q

TPP

A

tiamin pirofosfat coenzima

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9
Q

FAD

A

flavin adenin dinucleotid - cofactor (merge cu GOD)

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10
Q

FMN

A

flavin mononucleotid - cofactor (cu AAO)

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11
Q

GOT, GPT

A

glutamat oxaloacetat transaminaza / transferaza (cu PLP)

glutamat piruvat transaminaza (cu PLP)

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12
Q

ALT - (GPT)
AST - (GOT)
sunt cu PLP

A

alanin aminotransferaza - glutamat piruvat aminotransferaza
aspartat aminotransferaza - glutamat oxaloacetat aminotransferaza
pridioxal fosfat

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13
Q

UI = unitatea de activitate enzimatica

A

cantitatea de E care catalizeaza transformarea unui micromol de S per minut in cond standard.

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14
Q

activitatea specifica

A

activitatea unui preparat enzimatic rap la 1 mg proteina (micromoli de S transf pe min per mg proteina) fie la 1 cm^3 extract sau de sol ce contine enzima

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15
Q

Kcat

A

nr de turnover = k2 exces de S

nr max de molec de S ce pot fi trans de o molec de E pe unit de timp

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16
Q

1 katal

A

mol/s = cantit de E care trans 1 mol de S per sec

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17
Q

Vo=

A

vo= Vomax * [S] / ( kM + [S] )

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18
Q

GCK

A

glucokinaza trans G6P in glicogen in ficat

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19
Q

Conditii analiza enzimatica

A 
saturare cu S, S = 10 kM sau 100 kM
exces co enzima - r de ord 0 in rap cu acestea
cond initiale
temp si pH optime
viteza de r dep doar de activ enz
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20
Q

Det ADH

A

etanol + NAD = acetaldehida + NADH

NADH absoarbe la 340 nm

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21
Q

ACP

ALP

A

fosfataza acida - prostata

fosfataza alcalina - ficat, oase - rahitism, icter

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22
Q

GMT / GGT

A

gama glutamil transferaza

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23
Q

E din sange

A

se prefera ser, special daca e electroforeza
accepta plasma heparinizata
unii anticoag (fluorura, EDTA, citrat) inhibitori necesita activatori (Ca2+)
nu pb hemolizate, lipemia
max 4 h de la recoltare, stocare la rece mai mult timp

24
Q

Det CK - creatin kinaza

A

creatin fosfat + ADP (inv CK) = creatina + ATP nu optic activi
ATP + glucoza (HK) = ADP + G6P analog
G6P + NADP (G6PDH) = 6 fosfogluconat + NADPH
NADPH la 340 nm

25
Q

Det LDH

A

lactat dehidrogenaza
L-lactat + NAD (LDH) = piruvat + NADH mai putine erori
piruvat + NADH (LDH) = L-lactat + NAD mai speed
340 nm

26
Q

Valori critice ALP

A

> ciroza, osteomalacie, rahitism

< tumori osoase, leziuni hepatice

27
Q

Det ALP

A
  1. fenolftalein suflat la pH = 10
  2. fenil fosfat disodic HIDROLIZA da fenol
    la 520 nm rezultatul cu 4AAP 4 amino antipirina
    fenol cu gen fosfat = (ALP) = FENOL + FOSFAT
    fenol + 4 AAP = chestie oribila la 520 nm
28
Q

Det ACP

A

hidroliza alfa naftil fosfat (ACP) = alfa naftol + fosfat
alfa naftol cu cromogen = colorant azoic
comp cromofori Fast Blue B, Fast red TR
ac tartric inhiba PAP = det prin diferenta

flueriometric:
4 metil umbeliferon fosfat (MUP)

29
Q

Fast Blue B

Fast Red TR

A 
blue = brentamina (o dianisidina diazotata)
red = 4 cloro 2 metilbenzen diazoniu
30
Q

AST (GOT)

A

transfera amino de la aspartat la alfa ceto acetat
cu PLP
aspartat + alfa ceto glutarat (AST) = oxaloacetat + glutamat
oxaloacetat + NADH (MDH)= malat + NAD
MDH = malat dehidrogenaza

31
Q

Det ALT (GPT)

A

1 ala + alfa CG (ALT) = piruvat + glutamat
piruvat + NADH (LDH) = lactat + NAD

2 ala + alfa CG (ALT) = piruvat + glutamat
piruvat + O2 + PO4 (piruvat oxidaza) = acetil fosfat + CO2 + H2O2
H2O2 + fluorofor (o-fenilen diamina) (HRP) = comp fluorescent + H2O

32
Q

Det GGT

A

gama glutamiltranferaza
g glutamil de la peptide ca glutationul (GSH) catre alti AA
g glutamil p nitroanilina +gly-gly (GGT) = p nitroanilina + g glutamil - gly-gly
p nito anilina abs la 410 nm

33
Q

Abs p nitroanilina

34
Q

Abs produs reacyie fenol si 4 AAP

35
Q

DET G6PDH

A

G6P + NADP () = 6 fosfogluconolactona + NADPH
si reactie cu diaphorase
resazurin + NADPH (diaphorase) = Resorufin + NADP
astia sunt cromoforii

36
Q

Det amilaza

A

1 cu Iod scade semnalul ca urm a cons amidon
2 p nitrofenil maltoheptaozida = p nitro fenol care in pH > 7,5 e galben
anticorpii monoclonali inhiba AML salivara
3. AML legata de colorant - amyloze azure - hidroliza - compus ce abs la 595 nm

37
Q

Absorbtie compus hidroliza amyloze azure

38
Q

BALB

A

dimercaptopropanol tertbutirat

39
Q

DTNB , TNB , cine absoarbe la cat?

A

5,5’, ditiobis 2 nitrobenzoic acid

5 tio 2 nitrobenzoic acid - la 412 nm galben

40
Q

Det lipaza

A

BALB (lipaza) = HS-C-C(SH)-C-OH + 3 CH3-CH2-CH2-COOH

R-SH + DTNB = R-S-TNB + TNB

41
Q

Det ChE

A

Colinesteraza
ATCh + apa (AChE) = TCh + CH3COOH
TCh + DTNB = TCh-TNB + TNB (412 nm)

42
Q

Det glucozei

A
  1. Reducere in mediu alcalin a Cu2+ -> Cu2O
    ac fosfomolibdneic + Cu2O = albastru de molibden
  2. o-toluidina + glucoza (ac acetic glacial) = baza Schiff la 630 nm
  3. GOD + HRP
  4. HK + G6PDH

glucometre = cea cu GOD
2 H2O2 + fenol + 4 AAP (HRP) = chinon imina + 4 H2O rosie la 550 nm

43
Q

metoda biuretului

A

CuSO4 KNaC4H4O6 mediu alcalin abs la 540 nm

44
Q

metode det proteine

A

albumina:
1. precipitare cu saruri sau acizi
2. det cont triptofan indirecta
ac glicoxilic + globuline = compus cromogen (540 nm)
albumina = proteine totale - globuline
3. electroforeza (separare, colorare, det abs benzi, det procente fractii proteice)
4. met spectro cu coloranti anionici metilorange
5. din urina - bandolete cu albastru de bromfenol - se fac albastre (din galben) daca este pozitiv

45
Q

det uree

A

cu monoxima da diazina si apa la 540 nm
R Nessler - 450 nm NH3 + K[HgI4] + 3 OH-
R Berthelot - 540 nm
glutamat + NAD + H20 (glutamat dehidrogenaza) = NH4 + ALFA CG + NADH

46
Q

Det creatinina

A

creatinina + ac picric = compus colorat (520 nm)

47
Q

BUN / creatinina
mare (mare / normal)
mare (mare / mare)
mic (mic / normal)

A

mare / normala = pre renala - insuf card, hipercatab
mare / mare = post renal - obstructie urinara
mic / normal = renal - dieta fara proteine, afectiuni hepatice

48
Q

la cat abs ac uric

49
Q

Det ac uric

A

ac uric + O2 + apa (uricaza) = alantoina + CO2 + H2O2

293 nm

50
Q

Det amoniac

A

glutamat + NAD + H20 (glutamat dehidrogenaza) = NH4 + ALFA CG + NADH

51
Q

Det colesterol

A
  1. hidroliza KOH alcoolic
  2. extractia eter petrol
  3. R cu ac sulfuric si anh acetica - verde
    enzimatic
    colesterol ester + apa (colesterol esteraza) = col + ac grasi
    col + O2 (col oxidaza) = 4 colesten 3 ona + H2O2
    2 H2O2 + fenol + 4 AAP (HRP) = chinon imina + 4 H2O rosie 550 nm
52
Q

La cat abs chinon imina

53
Q

Det tri (ne enzimatica pt ca enzimatica idk)

A

tri (KOH alcool) = glicerol + ac grasi
glicerol + ac periodic = formaldehida
formaldehida + ac cromotopic = coloratie albastra

54
Q

Icter hemolitic

A

f mult urobilinogen, BU crescut, BC normal

scaun inchis, urina normala

55
Q

Icter obstructiv

A

BU normal, BC mare, urina brun, urobilinogen scazut, scaun deschis, prezente saruri biliare si pigmenti biliari in urina

56
Q

Icter hepatocelular

A

BU si BC mari, bilirub in urina, urobilinogen crescut, prezinta urme saruri biliare

57
Q

Sensibilitate

A

variatia semnalului masurat corespunzator variatiei concentratiei analitului de masurat cu o unitate

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