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MAMS BCH Exam III > Tornheim NTs > Flashcards

Tornheim NTs Flashcards

1
Q

Nucleotide combination

A

Base + Ribose + Phosphates

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2
Q

Uracil

Base, Nucleoside, NT?

A

Uracil, Uridine, Uridylate (-ic acid)

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3
Q

Cytosine

Base, Nucleoside, NT?

A

Cytosine, Cytidine, Cytidylate

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4
Q

Hypoxanthine

Base, Nucleoside, NT?

A

Hypoxanthine, Inosine, Inosinate

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5
Q

Xanthine

Base, Nucleoside, NT?

A

Xanthine, Xanthosine, Xanthylate

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6
Q

PRPP Synthetase Inhibitors

A

4 products: IMP, AMP, GMP, GDP
and ADP
- basically inhibited by products

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7
Q

PRPP Aminotransferase Inhibitors

A

4 products: IMP, AMP, GMP, GDP
and ADP, ATP, GTP
- basically inhibited by products

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8
Q

Adenylosuccinate Synthetase Inhibitor

A

AMP

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9
Q

IMP DH Inhibitor

A

GMP

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10
Q

Describe the purine salvage pathways

A

1) Hypoxanthine or Guanine to IMP or GMP
2) Adenine to AMP

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11
Q

What does Ribonucleotide Reductase do?

A

rDNP to dDNP

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12
Q

What does the first site of ribonucleotide reductase do?

A

Binding of dATP inhibits the enzyme

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13
Q

What does the second site of ribonucleotide reductase do?

A
  • Binding of dATP/ATP causes reduction of UDP and GDP
  • dTTP reduction of GDP, inhibits UDP, CDP
  • dGTP reduction of ADP
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14
Q

Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitors

A

Aminopterin, Amethopterin (Methotrexate)
- these are folate analogs

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15
Q

What is special about dTMP

A

It is only used in DNA, so its a good target for chemotherapy

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16
Q

Absence of HGPRT causes

A

Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome
- symptoms: gout, self-mutilation, intellectual disability

17
Q

3 ways that chemotherapy works

A

1) Blocks NT biosynthesis
2) Kills proliferating cells
3) Blocks DNA replication (NT analogues)

18
Q

Folate antagonists (Methotrexate) mechanism

A

Kill proliferating cells

19
Q

Fluorouracil, Fluorodeoxyuridine mechanism

A

Block NT biosynthesis

20
Q

AraC, AraA, 5-iododeoxyuridine mechanism

A

Inhibit chain elongation as NT analogues
- arabinose analogue of deoxycytosine and deoxyadenine
- araA is a more potent inhibitor of viral polymerase vs the host polymerase

21
Q

Acyclovir, Gancyclovir, AZT mechanism of action

A

Nucleoside analogues which act as chain terminators
- lack 3’ OH group

22
Q

Why can Acyclovir, Gancylovir and 5-iododeoxyuridine be used to treat HPV?

A

They are activated via phosphorylation by the viral kinase, providing for selectivity

23
Q

Which drugs are used to treat viral encephalitis?

A

araA
- more potent inhibitor of viral polymerase vs host polymerase

24
Q

Which drugs are used to treat AIDS

A

AZT, dideoxy C and I

MAMS BCH Exam III (12 decks)

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