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MBChB - Y2 - Systems - Nervous System > Topography of The Brain > Flashcards

Topography of The Brain Flashcards

1
Q

What does the diencephalon contain?

A

Contains the thalamus, hypothalamus and the pineal gland

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2
Q

What forms CSF?

A

Choroid plexus

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3
Q

Where does CSF escape into the subarachnoid space?

A

Roof of fourth ventricle has holes in it - CSF escapes from here into the subarachnoid space

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4
Q

Where absorbs CSF?

A

Arachnoid villi

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5
Q

What is the name given to a group of neuronal cell bodies in the central nervous system?

A

Called a nucleus, it is called a ganglion outside the central nervous sytem

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6
Q

Which cranial nerves have their nuclei that arise from the brainstem?

A

Cranial nerves 3 - 12

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7
Q

What are the funtions of the brainstem?

A

Pathway for fibre tracts running between higher and lower centres

Innervation of the head and neck since the brainstem nucleii are involved with 10 of the 12 cranial nerves

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8
Q

What is the cavity in the medulla oblongata?

A

4th ventricle

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9
Q

How does the medulla oblongata connect to the cerebellum?

A

Connects via the inferior cerebellar peduncle

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10
Q

What are the surface features of the medula oblongata?

A

Pyramids and their decussation

Olives laterally

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Cranial nerves 9-12 from its surface

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11
Q

What are parts of the medulla labelled 1-3?

A

1 - Pyramidal tract

2 - Medial lemniscus

3 - Inferior cerebellar peduncle

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12
Q

On the diagram, locate the cranial nuclei, inferior olivary process, nuclei of the reticular formation (vital centres), sensory nuclei (gracile and cuneate)

A
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13
Q

Which ventricle lies posterior to the pons?

A

4th ventricle

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14
Q

What are the surface features of the pons?

A

Middle cerebellar peduncle

Cranial nerves 5,6,7 and 8 originate from its surface

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15
Q

Label the following diagram

A
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16
Q

What does the midbrain develop from?

A

Mesencephalon

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17
Q

What is the central cavity in the midbrain?

A

The cerebral aqueduct

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18
Q

What are the surface features of the midbrain?

A
  • Cerebral peduncle
  • Superior cerebellar peduncle
  • Corpora quadrigemina (superior & inferior colliculus)
  • Origin of Oculomotor (CN III) & Trochlear (CN IV)
  • IV nerve is the only nerve to originate posteriorly
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19
Q

What composes the corpora quadrigemina?

A

Superior and inferior colliculus

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20
Q

What is the superior and inferior colliculi responsible for?

A

Superior collicli - visual reflex

Inferior colliculi - auditory reflex

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21
Q

Label the following diagram

A

Superior colliculi

Inferior colliculi

(form the corpora quadrigemina)

Superior cerebellar peduncle

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22
Q

What peduncle is present from the anterior view of the midbrain?

A

The cerebral peduncle - labelled as the black arrow on the left

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23
Q

What does the cerebral aqueduct connect?

A

It is the central cavity of the midrain and connects the the 3rd and4th ventricles

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24
Q

What surrounds the cerebral aqueduct?

A

Peri aqueductal grey matter

Which is then surrounded by white matter with embedded nuclei

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25
Q

What does the periaqueductal grey matter contain?

A

Nucleus for the 3rd and 4th cranial nerves

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26
Q

What separates the left and right lobes of the cerebellum?

A

The vermis

27
Q

What are the lobes present in a cerebellum?

A

Anterior lobe

Posterior lobe

Flocculonoddular lobe

28
Q

What does the surface of the cerebellum contain?

A

Contains sulci and folia

29
Q

What connects the cerebellum to the brainstem?

A

Three cerebellar peduncles

30
Q

What part of the cerebellum may exist within the foramen magnum?

A

The tonsils of the cerebellum

31
Q

Where does the information sent to the cerebellum arise from?

A

Comes from proprioceptors in the periphery

32
Q

What forms the grey matter of the cerebellum?

A
  1. Cortex on the surface
  2. Deep nuclei
33
Q

What forms the white matter of the cerebellum?

A

Arbor vitae

Cerebellar peduncles

34
Q

What are the functions of the cerebellum?

A
  1. Posture maintenance
  2. Fine tuning motor activity
35
Q

What are the three inputs for the cerebellum?

A

Information from the pyramidal tracts (motor intention of brain)

Information from ipsilateral proprioceptors from periphery

Information from vestibular nucleii re. balance & posture

36
Q

What permits the travel of sensory information from the cerebellum to the cerebral cortex?

A

Cerebellum sends ‘blueprint’ back to cerebral cortex via superior cerebellar peduncle

37
Q

When will abnormality in the cerbellum be obvious?

A

A condition called ataxia

Tasks causing difficulty include

  1. Finger – nose test
  2. Knee-heel test
  3. Walking in a straight line
38
Q

Where does the third ventricle develop?

A

Develops deep within the cerebral hemispheres, around the third ventricle

39
Q

What does the diencephalon develop from?

A

Develops from the diencephalic vesicle - part of the forebrain vesicle

40
Q

What are the paired structures in the diencephalon and what type of mater are they?

A

Thalamus, Hypothalamus (and pituitary), Epithalamus (pineal gland). All are mainly grey matter

41
Q

What structure makes up 80% of the diencephalon?

A

Thalamus

42
Q

What is the thalamus denoted as in the diagram?

A

Blue colour

43
Q

What is the role of the thalamus?

A

Sensory relay station

44
Q

What are the groups of nucleii present in the thalamus?

A

Anterior

Medial

Lateral - involved in processing sensory information

45
Q

What separates the hypothalamus from the thalamus?

A

Separated by the hypothalamic sulcus

46
Q

What is the main function of the hypothalamus?

A

Main visceral control centre and is essential for overall homeostasis

47
Q

What is included in the homeostatic control of the hypothalamus?

A

Autonomic Control Centre

Body temperature regulation

Regulation of food intake

Regulation of water balance & thirst

Regulation of sleep-wake cycle

Control of endocrine system functioning

48
Q

Where do the internal carotid arteries enter the skull?

A

Through the carotid canal to supply the brain

49
Q

Where do the two vertebral arteries enter the skull?

A

Through the foramen magnum to supply the brain

50
Q

What are the branches of the ICA supplying the brain?

A

Anterior cerebral artery

Middle cerebral

Posterior communicating arteries

(ACA and MCA supply a large part of the cerebral hemispheres)

51
Q

Where is the basillar artery formed and what forms it?

A

Formed on the ventral surface of the brainstem

Formed by the vertebrak arteries joining together

52
Q

What does the vertebrobasillar system supply

A

Supplies the brainstem and the cerebellum

53
Q

Where does the basillar arteriy end?

A

•The basilar artery finally ends at the level of the midbrain by dividing into two Posterior cerebral arteries (PCA) which supplies the posterior part of the cerebral hemispheres

54
Q

What does the circle of willis protect against?

A

Protective feature against vaso-occlusion of large arteries

55
Q

What are the labelled vessels?

A
56
Q

What does the anterior cerebral artery supply?

A

Medial aspect of cerebral hemispheres excluding Occipital lobe.

57
Q

What does the middle cerebral artery supply?

A

Supplies the lateral aspects of the cerebral hemispheres

58
Q

What does the posterior cerebral artery supply?

A

Inferior aspect of cerebral hemispheres and ocipital lobe

59
Q

Where do superficial and deep veins of the brain drain?

A

They drain into venous sinuses which lie between 2 layers of dura mater

60
Q

What do the dural venous sinuses join together to form?

A

The dural venous sinuses join together to ultimately drain into the Internal Jugular Veins.

61
Q

What are the following structures?

A
62
Q

What are the structures that pass throught the cavernous sinus?

A

OTOMCA

Occulomotor

Trochlear

Ophthalmic

Maxillary

Carotid Artery

Abducent

63
Q
A

MBChB - Y2 - Systems - Nervous System (48 decks)

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