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FARM PQ > Topics - Cow, small ru > Flashcards

Topics - Cow, small ru Flashcards

1
Q
  1. (A) Skin diseases of cattle
A

Alopecia :
Congenital (hypothricosis)
Acquired (defic, signs with systemic disease)

Allergic dermatitis (potato, post-vacc)

  • Photodermatitis (pri, sec)
  • Virus (FMD, Malignant catarrhal fever, BVD, Papilloma, Lumpy, bluetongue)
  • Bacteria ( necrobacillus, tuberculosis, corneybact, actinobacillus, dermatitis nodosa)
  • Fungal (Ringworm - trichopyton)
  • Parasitic ( mange - sarcoptes)
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2
Q
  1. (A) Diseases of the lungs and upper airways in ruminants
A
  • Malignant catarrhal fever (herpes)
  • IBR - infectious rhinotrachitis (herpes)
  • BVD (pestivirus)
  • Mixed virus inf in calf (BVD, IBR)
  • Horn inflammation - sinusitis
  • Laryngeal paralysis
  • Fog fever - acute bovine pulmonary emphysema
  • Pneumonia intersitialis (chlamydia, mycoplasma)
  • enzootic bronchopneumonia of calves; Virus - PI, adeno, BVD, paramyxo, IBR OR Bacteria - Pasturella, haemophilus, chlamydia, strepto, mycoplasma.

-Lungworm
-Chronic dry pleuritis
Bronchitis and pneumonia in sheep

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3
Q
  1. (B) Disease of the oral cavity and the oesophagus in ruminants
A

Stomatitis:

  • Simple
  • Ulcerative (mycotox)
  • Necrotic (necrobacillus)
  • purulent (actinobacillus)
  • membranous (candidiasis)
  • Papular (bovine papular stomatitis)
  • Vesicular - FMD, soremouth
  • Viruses - FMD, BVD, Parapox, BMC, IBR, VS
  • Non-infectious (sharp plants, FB, irritants)
  • Esophageal obstruction (FB)
  • Compression, Rabies, Hoflund, Botulism, aujeszky’s, cns
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4
Q
  1. (A) Diseases of the intestines in ruminants
A
  1. Enteritis (inf + non-inf, acute - chronic)
    -Infectious;
    Viral - BVD, rota, adeno, corona
    Bacterial - E.coli, salmonella, cl.perf D, M. paratuberculosis, camp
    Parasitic - Eimeria, ctryptosporidium, toxocara
  2. Paratuberculosis - Johne’s diseases -zoonotic
    - Mycobacterium avium spp. paratuberculosis
  3. Cecal dilatation and torsion - around calving - increased grain intak (high yielding cows)
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5
Q
  1. (B) Diagnostics and treatment of liver diseases in ruminants.
A

Diagnosis - blood, urine, ketone, biopsy, us

Diseases:

  • Jaundice
  • Heptatitis - non purulent
  • Infectious necrotic hepatitis
  • Fasciolosis
  • Purulent hepatitis
  • Hepatitis by fucobacterium
  • Fatty liver
Treatment:
-gluconeoplastic material - propylene glycol
-glucocorticoids 
-glucose/dextrose
-niacine (B3,nicotinic acid)
-B12
-insulin 
other additives
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6
Q
  1. (A) Cardiologic and hemopoietic diseases in ruminants
A

Cardiac:

  • Congenital :
    1. Ventricular and atrial septal defect
    2. tetralogy of fallot
    3. PDA
  • Aquired:
    1. Endocarditis
    2. Myocardial diseases (idiopathic CMP, secondary)
    3. Arrhytmias
    4. Traumatic pericarditis (hardware disease)

Hemopoietic diseases:

  1. Blood loosing anemia
  2. Hemolytic anaemia
  3. Aplastic (hypoplastic) anemia
  4. Hemorrhagic diathesis
  5. Bovine neonatal pancytopenia
  6. Leukosis (lymphosarcoma) in cattle
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7
Q
  1. (B) Diseases of the kidney and the excretory system in ruminants
A

Non- purulent: (subclnical, underlying disease)

  1. acute nephrosis (intox)
  2. renal amyloidosis (chronic inflam)
  3. non-purulent nephritis (lepto, glomerulo, interstitial)

Purulent:

  1. Purulent nephritis (from blood)
  2. Contagious bovine pyelonephritis (coryne, 4-8y after calving,winter)

Urolithiasis

  1. struvite
  2. ca-oxalate
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8
Q
  1. (A) Neurological diseases in cattle
A
  1. Congenital (hydrocephallus, cerebellar hypoplasia, lysosomal storage disease)
  2. Viral (Rabies, aujes, loping ill, maligant, IBR)
  3. Prion (scrapie, bovine spongioform encephalopathy -mad)
  4. Bacterial ( myelitis/meningitis, thromboembolic meningoencephalitis, listeriosis, chlamydia encephalomyelitis)
  5. parasitic (coenurosis, oestrosis)
  6. metabolic (vit A def, low thiamine - cerebrocortical necrosis or bc of hydrogen sulphide, copper def)
  7. Toxins ( tetanus, botulism)
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9
Q
  1. (A) Biochemical disorders of the rumen
A

Diseases of the forestomach:

  1. Rumen overload and dilatation
  2. simple indigestion
  3. ruminal alkalosis
  4. ruminal acidosis
  5. ruminal tympany - bloat
    - Free bas bloat (left)
    - Frothy bloat (upper left and ventral)
    - Antifoaming drugs
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10
Q
  1. (A) Metabolic diseases in ruminants
A
  1. Fatty liver (Acute/peracute after calving, subacute form during lactation, subacute chronic disorder)
  2. Bovine ketosis (acetonaemia)
  3. Parturient paresis (milk fever, hypocalcemia)
  4. Downer cow syndrome
  5. chronic ruminal acidosis
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11
Q
  1. (C) Deficiencies of certain antioxidants (beta carotene, vitamin E) in cattle.
A
  • Vit A and beta carotene

- Vit E and selenium - white muscle disease

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12
Q
  1. (B) Rumenotomy in cattle
A

Indication: Rumenitis, FB, content removal.

  • Restraint (standing, left flank)
  • Presurgical (prox,distal lumbar paravertebral, local block or inverted L)
  • Anesthesia
  • Incision site and technique (caudoventral, cutting layers)
  • Abdominal cavity manipulation (Gotze method or weingarths)
  • Suturing rumen + abdominal wall (cushing + lembert, 3 layers)
  • Post op (AB, Fluid, NSAIDs)
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13
Q
  1. (B) Hardware disease (traumatic reticuloperitonitis): incidence, etiology/cause,
    predisposing factors and pathogenesis
A
  • Motoric disorder of the forestomach.
  • Incidence - less
  • Cause - FB
  • Predis - no selection
  • Pathogen - metal in reticulum, penetration - narrow or wide , periotonitis
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14
Q
  1. (A)Hardware disease (traumatic reticuloperitonitis): clinical signs, local and/or systemic
    consequences, diagnosis and treatment
A
  • clinical signs: posture, movement/behaviour, sound/grunt, increased basic values, digestive signs.
  • Chronic signs - production, hoflunds
  • Pleuritis or pericarditis
  • Diganosis: exam, pain, blood, lap,endoscope, centesis, us, xray.
  • Treatment: Ab, diet, magnet, laparorumentomy, remove fb.
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15
Q
  1. (A) Hoflund syndrome
A
  • Vagal indigestion
  • Types:
    1. Vagus lesions
    2. correctly termed failure of omasal transport
    3. secondary abomasal impaction
    4. partial forestomach obstruction

Signs: Papple
Treat: surgery, remove object, nut, slaughter

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16
Q
  1. (B)Anatomy of the abomasum, diseases of the abomasum (list), abomasal displacement:
    forms, incidence, etiology/causes and predisposing factors
A
  • Way of food
  • Abomasum - true stomach, glands - hl, ph 3,5, important for calves.

Diseases:

  1. Abomasal displacement (left sided LDA, Right sided RDA + torsion)
  2. Abomasal inflam and ulcer
  3. Abomasal obturation/obstruction

Causes:
-nut, genes, anatomy after calving, metabolic disorder (ketosis,ulcer, endometritis)

Predisp:
-Peripartum, herd management, negative energy, hypocal)

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17
Q
  1. (A) Pathogenesis of the abomasal displacement, general and local consequences of
    abomasal displacement
A

inc grain dec fiber –> inc VFA –> hypomotility –> dilatation –> displacement
Other causes: genes, nut, metabolic disorder.

Cons:
-Hypochloraemia
-Hypokalemia
-dehydration
-paradox acidouria 
-RDA with torsion - ischaemia
-gas production
-other part rotate
-metabolic alkadosis
-
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18
Q
  1. (B) Clinical signs and diagnosis of the left sided abomasal displacement
A

Signs: anorex, dec milk, reduced feces, metal ping sound where sprung stomach 9-13th rib, splashing sound, pneumomediastinum, gas.

Diag:
-Rectal - feel gas-ping, secondary ketosis, splashing.

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19
Q
  1. (B) Clinical signs and diagnosis of the right sided abomasal displacement
A

signs:
- anorex, dec milk, basic values up reduced feces, dehyd, weak, pain, more severe than left, ping sound -10-13th rib, liver medial displacement.

Diag:
-Acute signs, exclude cecal dilatation, small intestine ileus, ping and splashing.

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20
Q
  1. Abomasitis, abomasal ulcer
A

Primary (stress,grass,fertilizer)
Secondary (displace, BVD, salm)

Type 1-5 - depth of ulcer

Signs: mild, severe

Treat: diet, mucoprot, h2 bloc, alkalizer, poor prog

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21
Q
  1. (C) Abomasal impaction and reflux syndrome
A

Impaction: Primary (much feed, less water) Secondary (motility disorder - non-dietary)
Treat- spasmolytic, lax, surgery

Reflux syndrome:
-Secondary, backflow to rumen, dilatation, dehydration - uremia, matabolic alkalosis - resp, distention - sour-smelling

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22
Q
  1. (A) Therapeutic approches of abomasal displacement
A

Much to consider - treat, herd, economic, predisp

treat:
No surgery - rolling
Sugery - invasive - laporotomy, non-invasive - blind or laparascopy.

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23
Q
  1. (c) Proximal lumbar paravertebral nerve block in cattle
A

For right, left flank laparotomy, c-section, ab displace.

T13,L1,L2

also skin, muscle, peritoneum

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24
Q
  1. (C)Distal lumbar paravertebral nerve block in cattle
A

L1,L2,L4
Advantage: easy marks, no m.longissimus dorsi
Disag- fatty animals more diff

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25
Q

25.(B) Inverted L paralumbar anesthesia, anesthesia of the distal limb via vascular (IV)
infusion, anesthesia of the horn (cornual nerve block) in cattle

A

Inverted L - caudal 13th rib, ventral transverse process

Distal limb IV - for surgery distal to fetlock, lat rec, dorsal metacarpal veins.

Cornual - cornuectomy, below crest of frontal bone, does not affect the skin.

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26
Q
  1. (B)Anaesthesia of the teat in cattle
A

Forms:

  • Ring block of teat base
  • Inverted V block over surgical area
  • Teat cistern infusion
  • Vascular (local) infusion
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27
Q
  1. (B)Epidural anaesthesia in cattle
A

ind - all surgeries psoterior to diaphragma (not Cs)

Low caudal epidural - C1-C2
High caudal epidural -S5-C1 - preffered - sacro-coccugeal

28
Q
  1. Forms of general anaesthesia in cattle, commonly used drugs and drug combinations
A

Iv, inhal, loss of cons.
complications and consideration.

Drugs:

  • Acepromazine - mild sed
  • Diazepam/midazolam - sed and muscle relax
  • Xylazine - potent sed and some analgesic effect.
  • Detomidine - potent sed, more analgesic than xylazin.
  • Ketamine - strong analgesic effect
  • Butorphanol - analgesic
29
Q
  1. (C) Approches, indications and contraindications of cattle abdominal surgery
A

Approaches:

  • Laparotomy
  • Laparoscopy

Left - rumen
Right - abo, pylorus, liver

Indications:

  • Peritoneum
  • CS
  • Spleen, kidney
  • Diaphragma
  • Liver, gall
  • Omentum

Contra:
-Weak general condition - recumbency

30
Q
  1. (B) Anatomy and examination techniques of the genital tract of the cow
A

Ovary - rectal, us, doppler, lap, p4 measurement

Oviduct - rectal, us

Uterus- rectal, us, endoscopic, biopsy, bacto, cyto

Cervix - folds

Vagina - speculum, rectal

31
Q
  1. (C)Ancillary diagnostics (bacteriology, citology, biopsy) in the diagnostics of the female
    genital tract in cattle.
A

Bacto:
-Vulva

Biopsy:
-Through cervix

Cytology:
-Cytobrush, endometrial cells, pmn

32
Q
  1. Pharmacological treatment of the reproductive cycle in cattle
A
  • Prostaglandin (shortening luteal phase, oestrus sync)
  • GnRH (flare up effect- ovulation)
  • Gestagen (5,7 day protocol)
33
Q
  1. (B) Pregnancy determination in cattle
A
  • Rectal palp (amniotic sac palpation, fetal membrane slipping)
  • US
  • Preg protein measure (PAG)
  • Progesteron measure
34
Q
  1. (C)Clinical features of pregnancy proteins in cattle
A

Pregnancy associated glycoproteins.

  • bPAG-1
  • bPAG-2
35
Q
  1. (B) Clinical management of cattle twin pregnancy
A
  • Effects- environment, nut, climate, age
  • Genes - mother
  • Causes - milk prod, different preovulator FSH patters, due to increased metabolism increased blood flow through the liver.

Consequences: abortion, free martins, fetal mortality, dystocia, shorter preg, placental retention, reproduction down.

Advised interventions: increase exams, keep or not to keep.

36
Q
  1. (B) Embryonic and fetal losses in cattle
A

Diagnosis: US, amnion detection.

Infectious:
-IBR, BVD, bluetongue, schmallenberg, leptospira, neospora caninum.

Non-inf:
-genes, NEB, Twin, BCS, heat stress, diseases, milk production and nut, monsters

Embryonic losses are 60% - day 42
Fetal loss until day 150 - less frequent

37
Q
  1. (B) Dislocations of the pregnant uterus, labour activity and uterine inertia in cattle.
A

Stages of labour -1,2,3

displacement - normal >120
torsion - right - clockwise, broad ligament with rectal palp.

Abnormal labour pains - inertia primary failure to initiate labor, secondary failure to progress.

Primary uterine inertia - often abnormal postures and presentation of extrimities.

38
Q
  1. (C) Enlargement of the soft birth canal in cattle. Instruments of obstetrical aid in cattle.
A

Methods improving obestetrics:

  • lub
  • reducing pain
  • anesthesia
  • bloody enlargemnet of the soft birth canal.

Incisio cervicis - failure to dilate - cut supf layer

Episiotomy - failure of vulva, vestibulum and vagina, cut both sides.

39
Q
  1. (C) Enlargement of the soft birth canal in cattle. Instruments of obstetrical aid in cattle.
A

Methods improving obestetrics:

  • lub
  • reducing pain
  • anesthesia
  • bloody enlargemnet of the soft birth canal.

Incisio cervicis - failure to dilate - cut supf layer

Episiotomy - failure of vulva, vestibulum and vagina, cut both sides.

Instruments:

  • Snare - loop type
  • chain
  • transaction bar
  • wire loop
  • snares when arm is too short
  • hooks
40
Q
  1. (C)Deviations of the head and clinical management in cattle.
A

4 options :

  • lateral (left,right)
  • downwards
  • upward
41
Q
  1. (C) Deviations of the forelimbs and clinical management in cattle.
A
  • Inccomplete extention of the elbow
  • shoulder flexion posture
  • Foot-nape posture
  • carpal flexion posture
42
Q
  1. (C) Deviations of the hindlimbs and clinical management in cattle.
A
  • Hock flexion posture
  • Hip flexion posture
  • One or two sided
43
Q
  1. (C) Lubricants and labour pain management in cattle.
A

Methods improving obestetrics:

  • lub (methylcellulose)
  • reducing pain (uterin relaxants, clenbuterol, butylscopalamin)
  • anesthesia (local,regional, sedation, general)
  • bloody enlargement of the soft birth canal.
44
Q
  1. Caesarean section in cows: indications, contraindications, surgical restraint, preparation
    of abdominal wall
A

-

45
Q
  1. Caesarean section in cows: indications, contraindications, surgical restraint, preparation
    of abdominal wall
A

Indications: dystocia, research
contraindications: emphysematous fetus, uterus rupture

steps:

  • restraint (left or righ paralumbar fossa approach - flank)
  • presurgical procedure
  • cleaning
46
Q
  1. Caesarean section in cows: anaesthesia of the abdominal wall, incision, abdominal
    manipulation , closure of the abdominal wall
A
  • ana - prox lumbar paravertbral
  • where to cut
  • suture
47
Q
  1. Fetotomy: conditions, equipment, preparation, and steps of the most often used
    techniques in cows
A

Equipment:

  • fetatome
  • saw wire
  • snares
  • chain handles + chain
  • eye hooks
  • double hooks
  • knife
  • lubrication
  • epidural

Anterior 3 methods:
Benesch:
-forlegs at carpal, head and neck, thorax to the spinal column, horizontal cut , thorax, abd slices, pelvic bone.

Gotze:
-forlegs at carpal, head and neck, thorax to the spinal column, vertical cut , thorax, abd slices, pelvic bone.

Bailer-schaetz:
-one foreleg + head and neck, other foreleg + one part of thorax, thorax and abd slices, pelvic bone btw hindlegs.

Posterior:
1 method:
- hindleg in the tarsal joint, cranial to pelvic inlet, vertical cut, abd thorax slices, cut neck and one fot.

  1. method
    - hindleg in the tarsal joint, cut pelvic bone, abd thorax slices, cut neck and one fot.

Baier-schaetz:
-one hindleg, other with pelvis, thorax and abdomen, one leg with thorax, other leg with head.

48
Q
  1. Pathophysiology, classification and treatment of vaginal prolapse in cows
A

Last trimester, Estrogen and relaxin.
Classification 1-4:
1-intermittenet, visible when lying
2- with irritantion, continues prolapse, urinary probelms, easy to replace.
3- more irritant, cervix and entire vagina,local edema, compressed vessels, if seal is disturbed - abortion, sepsis, c-section.
4- prolonged prolapse, infection, trauma, necrosis, irreplacable- euth.

Operation:

  • Flessa method - pins.
  • Buhner - needle and AB soaked tape
  • Lacing of vulva with mattress sutures
49
Q
  1. Pathophysiology, clinical aspects and treatment of uterine prolapse in cows
A
  • Uterine prolapse - 12-24h after calving - acute.
  • Due to dystocia, prolonged straining, hypocal, uterine inertia.
  • Clean towel, epidural, cold water, hydroscopic powder, sternal recumbency, tear = repair.
  • Push gently back, start with parts closest to vagina. pump with water.
50
Q
  1. The management of retained fetal membranes in cattle.
A

Retention - RFM: max 24h
- increases risk of metritis, delayed involution.

Treat:

  • Traditional - manual removal - carefully , tablet, oxytocin.
  • Modern- cutting of membrane, oxytocin, ab, nsaids.

cons:
-dec milk, UTI, metritis, bed repoduction, metabolic disorder.

Causes - multifactorial_

  • Lack of uterine contractions
  • detachment diroder due to placental edema
  • mechanical causes - invagination of horn
51
Q
  1. Phases, processes and influencing factors of involution in cattle
A

Stages early:

  • Early: calving until GnRH sensitivity, first dominant follivle 10-14 days.
  • Middle: until first ovulation day 21
  • finishing: re-epithelisaion of the caruncles day 24

Four processes:

  • Uterine invultion
  • regen of endomertrium
  • return to cycling (p4 has been high, no ovulation)
  • elimination bacteria
52
Q

52.Bacterial complications of involution in cattle (cause, symptoms, diagnostics,
treatment)

A

Before day 21: puerperal metritis
After day 21: clinical endometritis, subclinical endometritis, pyometra.

Puerperal metritis:
-acute, putrit infam of all utrine layers, day 4-10 after birth, e.coli, fuso, trueperella, risk dystocia, twins, neb, hypocal.
-Reddish-brown, watery, smelly, fluid in lumen, decrease milk yield, fever tachy.
-diag: autodetection, signs.
Treat: fluid, nsaids, ab

Clinical endometritis:

  • inflam od endometrium- trueperella
  • bc neb, puerperal metritis, p4 immunosup, yellow white pus, big uterus, vaginoscope, sample with hand, ab.

Subclinical endomeritis:

  • inflam of endometrium - no signs!
  • fertility down , cytobrush, herd level probelm, culling.

Pyometra:

  • after day 21, inflam of endomertium with closed cervix, trueperella pyogenes, production of PGF2a decrease , not enough to induce luteolysis.
  • rectal exam, large horns.
  • give pgf2a and wait 3 days.
53
Q
  1. Fetal monsters in cattle
A

Cause: genes, placenta defects, external.
Types: single, double
will cause: dystocia, no life.

single: 
Hydrocephalus
hydrothroax 
hypoplasia 
ankylosis
ansacra

double:

  • Dicephalus
  • thoracopagus
  • cranophagus
54
Q
  1. The most important elements of calf care in the perinatal period
A

what to do with them:
-treatment, feeding, tagging, dehorning, exmination, samples.

Exam of new born:
breath, edema, hypoxia, congenital defects,

  • thermoreg
  • navel - tying, disinfect, hernia
  • colostrum ways of feeding: natural sucking, bucket, nipple bottle, esophageal feeder.
55
Q
  1. Examination, drug administration and sample collection in calves
A

exam:
-Condition, visual, parameters, congenital.

Sample:

  • blood - jug
  • faeces - parasit
  • hair,skin - bvd screening
  • urine- rare
  • skin scraping
  • Us, x-ray

drug admin:
-per os, sc, im, iv

56
Q
  1. The importance of automatic systems in the diagnostics of diseases in cattle
A
  • Early diagnosis: coli mastitis, metritis, ketosis, LDA, lame.
  • RT, activity, ph, heart rate
  • Collar, ear-tag, reticulorumina bolus, halter, tail, leg.
57
Q
  1. The importance of automatic systems in the prediction of calving in cattle
A

Calving prediction:

  • classical - date of AI
  • modern tech - camera, sensors

systems:
RT, reticuloruminal temp, ph, activity

58
Q
  1. Causes of lameness in small ruminants (symptoms, characteristics, treatment)
A

Diseases:

  • ID hyperplasia (bening, but grow -mal)
  • Toe granuloma (strwberry growth)
  • ID dermatitis (fusobacterium)
  • White line abscess (defect of line, pus, lame, ab))
  • Septal pedal arthritis (spread of ID)
  • Infectious polyarthritis (strept, erysi, spread trough body)
  • Septal pedal arthritis (degerention, following trauma)
  • Osterarthritis

Causes:

  • Laminitis
  • Trace mineral def
  • soil between claws
  • no hoof trimming
59
Q
  1. Mastitis diagnosis and treatment in cattle
A
  • Route of inf: teat canal , mechanical skin, blood, lymph.
  • Economic: direct and indirect costs.
  • Classification: peracute, acute, subacute, chronic, subclinical.

Diagnosis: dark background, clinical signs, observe gland.
Subclinical: SSC above 250k mastitis!!
lactose decrease , acute phase proteins, electrical conductivity increase.
-California, microscopic,

Therapy:
- AB - based on sen, never longer than 7 days.

60
Q
  1. Caesarean section in small ruminants
A

Cause: large fetus, incomplete cervical dilation, vaginal prolapse
Left flank (paralumbar) last rib, wing of ilium
Distal paravertebral nerve block
Sacrococcygeal or lumbosacral
Think wall!!
similar to cow

61
Q
  1. Small ruminant medicine: prolapse of the uterus and vagina
A

uterine prolapse:

  • right after lambing - 12-24h
  • epidural, repositioning, ab, nsaids

Vaginal prolapse:

  • rare, last months of gestation, bladder and uterus can also come out.
  • can cause abortion, toxaemia
  • check viability of fetus, c-section
  • suture
62
Q
  1. Mastitis in small ruminants
A

Classified by course of mastitis not pathogen.

  • major disease
  • acute - ewe-toxaemia
  • chronic cases - long live consequence, culling

diagnosis:
-visiual, palp, heat, pain, swelling, somatic cell count, california, US.

Gangrenous mastitis:

  • first 8 weeks of lactation.
  • Mannheima, staph.
  • poor nut, condition, suddenly, separate from flock, lame, less milk, toxaemia.

Acute:

  • milk loss, spradic in grazing.
  • strepto, staph, e.coli.

Chronic:
-culling

Contagious agalactia.

63
Q
  1. Small ruminant medicine: incomplete cervical dilation, uterine torsion, uterine inertia
A

Incomplete cervical dilation:
3h pass- no fetus, previous trauma, humans.

Torsion:
-during cs, external or internal

inertia- uncommon.

64
Q
  1. Non-infectious hoof diseases in cattle
A
  • Laminitis (acute, subclinical, chronic)
  • sole ulcer - pododerm
  • white line disease
  • toe necrosis
  • heel erosion
  • morphological defects
  • hard/soft feet
65
Q
  1. Treatment of arthritis and traumatic injuries of the hoof in cattle
A

Septic arthritis of DIP joint:
-sec to trauma, local syst ab, joint lavage, dip athrotomy - cleaning, surgery - claw amputation

Septic arthritis of DIP:
-Arthoromy- lavage, resection of PIP, amputation of digit.

Other: FB, sole trauma, luxation, degenerative diseases.

Surgical interventions:
Claw amputation
Resection of DIP joint , solar approach, bulbar approach, abaxial approach.
Arthodesis

FARM PQ (4 decks)

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