TOPICS 4-6

Question 1

Name all Cranial nerves (from Anterior to posterior)

Answer 1

C1- Olfactory
C2- Optic
C3-Oculomotor
C4- Trochlear
C5-Trigeminal
C6-Abducens
C7- Facial
C8- Vestibulocochlear
C9- Glossopharyngeal
C10- Vagus
C11- Accessory
C12- Hypoglossal

Question 2

Sensory types Cranial Nerves

Answer 2

C1- Olfactory

C2- Optic

Question 3

Motor types

Answer 3

C3- Oculomotor
C4- Trochlear
C6- Abducens
C11- Accessory
C12-Hypoglossal

Question 4

Mixed types (Cranial nerves)

Answer 4

C5- Trigeminal

C7- Facial

Question 5

Basic Function of Smell

Answer 5

C1- Olfactory

Question 6

Basic function of Smell

Answer 6

C2- Optic

Question 7

Basic function of C3- Oculomotor

Answer 7

Motor (somatic): eye muscles (levator palpebrae superioris, medial, superior, inferior rectus, inferior oblique)

Question 8

Motor (somatic): eye muscles (levator palpebrae superioris, medial, superior, inferior rectus, inferior oblique) what is this correlated with?

Answer 8

C3- Oculommotor

Question 9

What are the functions of C4- Trochlear

Answer 9

Eye muscles (superior oblique); pulls eyeball inferiorly and laterally

Question 10

Eye muscles (superior oblique); pulls eyeball inferiorly and laterally is correlated with what?

Answer 10

C4- Trochlear

Question 11

What are the basic functions of C5?

Answer 11

Motor: Muscles of mastication (chewing) ex. Masseter and temporalis
Sensory: Skin of face/ scalp

Question 12

Motor: Muscles of mastication (chewing) ex. Masseter and temporalis
Sensory: Skin of face/ scalp.. correlation

Answer 12

C5- Trigeminal (3 branches)

Question 13

basic functions of C6

Answer 13

Eye muscle (lateral rectus); abducts eyeball

Question 14

Eye muscle (lateral rectus); abducts eyeball is correlated with

Answer 14

C6- Abducens

Question 15

Basic functions of C7

Answer 15

Motor (somatic): muscles of facial expression- eg: buccinator, platysma, orbicularis oris and oculi, frontalis

Question 16

Motor (somatic): muscles of facial expression- eg: buccinator, platysma, orbicularis oris and oculi, frontalis

Answer 16

C7- Facial

Question 17

What are the functions of C11

Answer 17

Sternocleidomastoid and Trapezius Muscles

Question 18

Sternocleidomastoid and Trapezius Muscles

Answer 18

C11- Accessory

Question 19

What are the functions of C12-

Answer 19

Muscles of tounge

Question 20

Muscles of tounge

Answer 20

C12- Hypoglossal

Question 21

test for visual acuity

Answer 21

C2- Optic

by having a person identify the number of fingers held up in each visual field

Question 22

test for smell

Answer 22

C1- Olfactory

Have person identify familiar odors applied to each nostril (vanilla, peppermint, coffee)

Question 23

Cranial nerves associated with eye movement testing

Answer 23

C3-Oculomotor
C4-Trochlear
C6- Abducens
(H-pattern movement)

Question 24

What movements will be affected if someone has damaged CN 111?

Answer 24

can impair ocular motility, pupillary function, or both

Question 25

What movements will be affected if someone has damaged CN 4

Answer 25

it may not be able to do its job. Controlling the movement of the superior oblique muscle

Question 26

what movements will be affected if someone has damaged CN 6

Answer 26

The abduction of the eyeball, Eye muscle lateral rectus

Question 27

Facial sensation test

Answer 27

C5- Trigeminal | "chewing muscle strength"

Question 28

"Facial expression" muscle strength

Answer 28

C7- Facial

Question 29

Traps, SCM movement tested

Answer 29

C11- Accessory

Question 30

Tounge movement tested

Answer 30

C12- Hypoglossal

Question 31

How many Spinal nerves are there?

Answer 31

``` 31 total 8 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 1 coccygeal ```

Question 32

How does each nerve exit?

Answer 32

Vetebral canal via the intervetebral foramen

Question 33

Nerve plexus

Answer 33

Rather than directly supplying the body structures upon exiting the spinal cord (mainly the limbs): the anterior rami form cervical plexus by joining the anterior rami and the adjacent nerves except T2-T12

Question 34

Plexuses allow for a merging of the axons that were contained within each of the spinal nerves

Answer 34

Nerve plexuses

Question 35

Nerves between C1-C4 (AND A PORTION OF C5) is called?

Answer 35

Cervical plexus

Question 36

What is the only nerve we should remember in the cervical plexus and what does it do?

Answer 36

The phrenic nerve (C3,C4 AND C5 keep them alive) which innervates the diaphragm muscle

Question 37

Brachial Plexus

Answer 37

nerves arise between C5-T1 ->supplying by innervating-> the entire arm and some neck and shoulder muscles

Question 38

Brachial plexus process

Answer 38

From proximal to distal, The nerve roots (C5-T1) merge and divide together to eventually give rise to the peripheral nerve branches that innervate various structures in the upper and lower limbs. (Roots->Trunks->divisions->cords>branches) 1. (C5-T1) ROOTS merge into 3 TRUNKS (C5&6-> UPPER, C7->MIDDLE, C8,T1-> LOWER) 2. Trunks split into Divisions (Anterior & Posterior) 3. The posterior divisions of all trunks form the posterior cord, the anterior divisions of all trunks form the Lateral and Medial cords 4. The cords then give rise to various peripheral nerve branches

Question 39

Lumbar plexus

Answer 39

L1-L4

Question 40

Sacral Plexus

Answer 40

nerves arising from L4-L5 and S1-S4 | Some of the nerves of the sacral plexus contain fibers from the lumbar plexus, this is known as the lumbosacral plexus

Question 41

How do peripheral nerve branches work?

Answer 41

1. Nerve exits from the plexus as "nerve branches"- each containing sensory axons, motor axons and both 2. Each nerve has a "spinal component/nerve root" which indicates which spinal nerves contributed to its formation

Question 42

Each nerve will provide either both:

Answer 42

Sensory axons: skin, muscle, joint and connective tissue components Motor axons: muscle both

Question 43

Cutaneous innervation is...

Answer 43

Refers to the area of skin innervated by a specific peripheral nerve branch

Question 44

Interdome refers...

Answer 44

an area of skin innervated by the cutaneous branch of a single spinal nerve

Question 45

Motor Branches of the Brachial plexus

Answer 45

``` Dorsal Scapular= C5 Long thoracic=C5-C7 Suprascapular=C5-C6 Thoracodorsal=C6-C8 Axillary=C5-C6 Musculocutaneous=C5-C7 Radial= C5-C8, T1 Ulnar= C8, T1 Median=C5-T1 ```

Question 46

Motor branches of the lumbar plexus

Answer 46

Femoral->L2-L4 -> | Obturator->L2-L4->

Question 47

Motor Branches of the sacral plexus

Answer 47

``` Sciatic-> L4-S3 Tibial (medial and lateral plantar)-> L4-S3 Common fibular (peroneal)-> L4-S2 Superficial->L4-S2 Deep->L4-S2 ```

Question 48

Cutaneous innervation of the limbs

Answer 48

Supraclavicular-> neck and superior shoulder Axillary-> Lateral shoulder Musculocutaneous-> Lateral elbow and forearm Radial-> Posterior arm/forearm; Lateral 2/3 of dorsal hand and 3.5 digits up to DIPS Median-> Lateral 2/3 Volar hand and 3.5 fingers Ulnar->Medial 1/3 hand including the entirety of D5 and medial 1/2 of D4 Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve of thigh-> Lateral Thigh obturator-> medial thigh Saphenous-> Anteromedial, medial and posteromedial of leg and foot Sural-> Posterolateral leg and foot Common Fibular (Peroneal)-> Proximal anterolateral leg Superficial Fibular (Peroneal)-> Distal anterolateral leg and dorsum of foot Tibial (Medial and Lateral Plantar)-> Plantar foot

Question 49

Bones of the skull

Answer 49

- Cranium (braincase) - Calvaria (skull cap) - Base of the skull - Anterior, middle, posterior cranial fossa - Parietal Bones - Temporal bones - Frontal bones - Occipital Bone - Sphenoid bone - Ethmoid Bone