Topic2 : Golgi Apparatus Flashcards
What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?
to process and package macromolecules, including proteins and lipids, after their synthesis.
Why is the Golgi apparatus particularly important?
It is particularly important in the processing of proteins for secretion.
What is the structural composition of the Golgi apparatus?
The Golgi apparatus is composed of stacks of membrane-bound structures known as cisternae.
How does the Golgi apparatus relate to the cellular endomembrane system?
The Golgi apparatus forms a part of the cellular endomembrane system.
How are small transport vesicles formed?
Small transport vesicles are formed by the budding of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER).
What is the role of transport vesicles in protein transport?
Transport vesicles carry newly synthesized proteins from the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum to the Golgi complex.
What is the typical diameter range of these small vesicles?
They are about 300-800 angstroms (A) in diameter.
Describe the structural composition of the Golgi complex.
The Golgi complex consists of several membrane-bounded stacked, flattened sacs, also known as cisternae. The saccules are disc-like and often slightly curved.
What is the role of the Golgi apparatus in the cell?
The Golgi apparatus is integral in modifying, sorting, and packaging a variety of macromolecules for cell secretion (exocytosis) or for use within the cell.
What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus in relation to proteins?
It primarily modifies proteins delivered from the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) but is also involved in the transport of lipids around the cell and the creation of lysosomes.
How does the Golgi apparatus modify substances?
Enzymes within the Golgi cisternae are capable of modifying substances by the addition of carbohydrates (glycosylation) and phosphates (phosphorylation).
What substances does the Golgi import from the cytosol?
The Golgi imports substances such as nucleotide sugars from the cytosol.
What is the Golgi’s role in the synthesis of molecules in the extracellular matrix?
The Golgi plays an important role in the synthesis of proteoglycans, which are molecules present in the extracellular matrix of humans.
What is the Golgi’s significance in carbohydrate synthesis?
It is a major site of carbohydrate synthesis, including the production of glycosaminoglycans, long unbranched polysaccharides. The Golgi attaches these to a protein synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum to form proteoglycans.
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