topic1 Flashcards
anatomy
science that studies body structures and relationships among them
physiology
science that studies body functions, how the body parts work
anatomical position
person stands erect, facing the observer. feet flat, arms at the side with palms facing forward.
prone and supine positions
prone: lying face down
supine: lying face up
DT: superior
toward the head or upper part of a structure
DT: inferior
away from the head or lower part of a structure
DT: anterior
nearer to or at the front of the body
DT: posterior
nearer to or at the back of the body
DT: medial
closer to the midline. is the one closer to the middle
DT: lateral
farther from the midline
DT: intermediate
between 2 structures
DT: ipsilateral
on the same side of the body as another structure
contalateral
on the opposite side of the body from another structure
DT: proximal
nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk; nearer to the origination of a structure
DT: distal
farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk; farther from the origination of a structure
DT: superficial
on the surface of the body
DT: deep
away from the surface of the body
Sagittal plane
divides left and right
coronal or front plane
divides front and back
transverse or horizontal plane plane
divides superior and inferior
what are body cavities?
spaces in the body that help protect, separate and support organs
thoracic cavity
formed by the ribs, the chest muscles, the sternum, and the thoracic portion of the vertebral column
abdominopelvic cavity
extends from the diaphragm to the groin. contains the stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, large intestine, urinary bladder, and internal organs of the reproductive system
dorsal cavity
cranial and spinal cavity
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homeostasis
condition of equilibrium in the body’s internal environment
feedback system
cycle of events in which the status of a body condition is monitored, evaluated, changed, etc.
disruption in a controlled conditon
stimulus
negative feedback system
negates the original change in a controlled condition
positive feedback system
strengthens or reinforces a change in a controlled condition
disease
illness characterized by a recognizable set of signs and symptoms
symptoms of a disease
perceived only by the person affected not the observer, like headache, nausea, and anxiety
signs of a disease
objective changes that can be seen and measured by a clinician, like a swelling, high blood pressure, fever
diagnosis of a disease
science of distinguishing one disorder or disease from the other
